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《关于中美经贸磋商的中方立场》白皮书(2)(中英对照)

来源:可可英语 编辑:villa   可可英语APP下载 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet

I. Economic and trade friction provoked by the US damages the interests of both countries and of the wider world

一、美国挑起对华经贸摩擦损害两国和全球利益
Trumpeting "America First", the current US administration has adopted a series of unilateral and protectionist measures, regularly wielded tariffs as a "big stick" and coerced other countries into accepting its demands. The US has initiated frequent investigations under the long-unused Sections 201 and 232 against its main trading partners, causing disruption to the global economic and trade landscape. Specifically targeting China, in August 2017 it launched a unilateral investigation under Section 301. Turning a blind eye to China's unremitting efforts and remarkable progress in protecting intellectual property and improving the business environment for foreign investors, the US issued a myriad of slanted and negative observations, and imposed additional tariffs and investment restrictions on China, provoking economic and trade friction between the two countries.
现任美国政府奉行“美国优先”政策,对外采取一系列单边主义和保护主义措施,动辄使用关税“大棒”,将自身利益诉求强加于他国。美国启用尘封多年的“201调查”“232调查”等手段,对各主要贸易伙伴频频出手,搅乱全球经贸格局。美国还将矛头对准中国,于2017年8月启动单边色彩浓厚的“301调查”,无视中国多年来在加强知识产权保护、改善外资营商环境等方面的不懈努力和取得的巨大成绩,对中国作出诸多不客观的负面评价,采取加征关税、限制投资等经贸限制措施,挑起中美经贸摩擦。
Box 1: China's technological innovation is based on self-reliance. Accusing China of intellectual property theft and forced technology transfer is utterly unfounded.
专栏1 中国的科技 创新源于自力更生指责中国“盗窃”知识产权、强制技术转让毫无依据
China is an innovative and diligent nation. It has created a highly-sophisticated civilization and contributed significantly to human progress over the course of 5,000 years. Since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, and in particular since the beginning of reform and opening up in 1978, China's scientific and technological undertakings have passed through a series of phases. They started from a difficult beginning, forged ahead in the course of reform, and have now achieved multiple breakthroughs featuring a variety of innovations. These achievements have won worldwide recognition. Historical records confirm that China's achievements in scientific and technological innovation are not something we stole or forcibly took from others; they were earned through self-reliance and hard work. Accusing China of stealing intellectual property to support its own development is an unfounded fabrication.
中华民族富有创新精神,勇于吃苦耐劳,在5000多年文明发展进程中,创造了高度发达的文明,为人类进步作出重要贡献。新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来,中国的科技事业在艰难中起步,在改革中发展,在创新中突破,取得了举世瞩目的成就。历史和事实充分证明,中国在科技创新方面取得的成就不是偷来的、不是抢来的,而是通过自力更生、艰苦奋斗得来的,指责中国发展靠“盗窃”知识产权,完全是无中生有、极其荒谬。
China is fully committed to intellectual property protection. It has established a legal system for the protection of intellectual property that is consistent with prevailing international rules and adapted to China's domestic conditions. China values the leading role of judicial measures in protecting intellectual property, and has achieved impressive results. The understanding of the importance of intellectual property among the general public and business community in China has increased, the value of royalties paid to foreign rights-holders has risen significantly, and the number of intellectual property applications and registrations has surged.
中国高度重视知识产权保护,已建立起符合国际通行规则和适应中国国情的知识产权法律体系;重视发挥知识产权司法保护的主导作用,取得显著成效。中国民众和企业知识产权保护意识显著提高,对外支付知识产权使用费大幅提升,知识产权申请和登记量快速增长。
The effective impact of China's intellectual property protection has won broad international recognition. Former WIPO Director General Arpad Bogsch spoke highly of China's legal framework for intellectual property protection, noting that China's achievements are "unmatched in the history of intellectual property protection". The US Chamber of Commerce recognized that China is making concrete progress in creating an intellectual property environment appropriate to the 21st century. In its 2018 China Business Climate Survey Report, the American Chamber of Commerce in China noted that among the main challenges facing its member companies operating in China, concern over intellectual property dropped from 5th place in 2011 to 12th place in 2018. An article in The Diplomat predicted that China will become a leader in global intellectual property. Many of the concerns raised by foreign firms doing business in China have already been addressed through judicial reform and a strengthened enforcement mechanism.
中国的知识产权保护成效获国际广泛认可。世界知识产权组织前总干事阿帕德·鲍格胥博士对中国的知识产权法律体系予以高度评价:“这在知识产权发展史上是独无二的”。美国商会指出,中国在建设面向21世纪的知识产权环境方面正在取得实质性进展。中国美国商会《2018年中国商务环境调查报告》显示,其会员企业在华运营的主要挑战中,知识产权侵权行为已由2011年的第5位降低到2018年的第12位。《外交官》杂志文章指出,中国将成为全球知识产权的领军者。在中国开展业务的外国公司所提出的担忧,许多已通过司法改革和加强执法机制得到解决。
Respecting the laws of the market economy, China has been actively improving the policy system for innovation, continuously increasing investment in research and development, accelerating the development of innovators, and strengthening international cooperation on technological innovation in an all-round way. In terms of some key innovation indices, China is already among the world's leading players. As China continues to witness a series of major scientific and technological achievements, its industries are gravitating toward the middle and high end, and the country's international influence is markedly increasing. In 2017, total R&D investment in China reached RMB1.76 trillion, ranking second in the world. The number of patent applications reached 1.382 million, ranking No. 1 in the world for the seventh consecutive year. The number of invention patents granted reached 327,000, up by 8.2 percent year-on-year. China ranks third in the world in terms of valid invention patents held.
中国尊重市场经济规律,积极完善创新政策体系,持续增加研发投人,大力培养创新人才,全方位加强国际科技创新合作。目前,中国的主要创新指标已进人世界前列,重大科技创新成果不断涌现,引领产业向中高端迈进,国际影响力显著提升。2017年,全社会研发投人达1.76万亿元,规模居世界第二位;发明专利申请量达到138.2万件,连续7年居世界首位;发明专利授权32.7万件,同比增长8.2%,有效发明专利保有量居世界第三。
China has always pursued international technical cooperation with mutual benefit and win-win as the basic value orientation. China's economic development has benefited from international technology transfer and dissemination. International holders of technology have also reaped enormous benefits from this process. China encourages and respects voluntary technical cooperation between Chinese and foreign firms based on market principles. It strongly opposes forced technology transfer and takes resolute action against intellectual property infringement. Accusations against China of forced technology transfer are baseless and untenable.
中国始终以互利共赢作为基本价值取向开展国际技术合作,中国经济发展受益于国际技术转让和传播,国际技术持有者也从中获得了巨大利益。中国鼓励和尊重中外企业按照市场原则自愿开展技术合作,坚决反对强制技术转让,严厉打击侵犯知识产权的违法犯罪行为。指责中国强制技术转让没有事实依据,完全站不住脚。
Turning a blind eye to the nature of the economic structure and the stage of development in China and the US, as well as the reality of the international industrial division of labor, the US insists that China's "unfair" and "non-reciprocal" trade policies have created a trade deficit in bilateral commercial exchanges that constitutes "being taken advantage of", leading to unilateral imposition of additional tariffs on China. In fact, in today's globalized world, the Chinese and American economies are highly integrated and together constitute an entire industrial chain. The two economies are bound in a union that is mutually beneficial and win-win in nature. Equating a trade deficit to being taken advantage of is an error. The restrictive measures the US has imposed on China are not good for China or the US, and still worse for the rest of the world.
美国无视中美经济结构、发展阶段特点和国际产业分工现实,坚持认为中国采取不公平、不对等的贸易政策,导致美国出现对华贸易逆差,在双边经贸交往中“吃了亏”,并对华采取单边加征关税措施。事实上,在经济全球化时代,中美两国经济高度融合,共同构成完整的产业链,两国经济连骨带筋、互利共赢,把贸易逆差当作“吃亏”是算错了账。美国对中国采取的贸易限制措施不利于中国,也不利于美国,更不利于全球。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
patent ['peitənt, 'pætənt]

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n. 专利,特许
adj. 专利的,显著的

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voluntary ['vɔləntəri]

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adj. 自愿的,志愿的
n. (教堂礼拜仪式

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appropriate [ə'prəupriət]

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adj. 适当的,相称的
vt. 拨出(款项)

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impact ['impækt,im'pækt]

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n. 冲击(力), 冲突,影响(力)
vt.

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innovation [.inəu'veiʃən]

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n. 创新,革新

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negative ['negətiv]

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adj. 否定的,负的,消极的
n. 底片,负

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legal ['li:gəl]

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adj. 法律的,合法的,法定的

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untenable ['ʌn'tenəbl]

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adj. 不能防守的,不能维持的,支持不住的

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transfer [træns'fə:]

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n. 迁移,移动,换车
v. 转移,调转,调任

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framework ['freimwə:k]

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n. 结构,框架,参照标准,体系

 

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