手机APP下载

您现在的位置: 首页 > 口译笔译 > 英汉翻译素材 > 生态与环境 > 正文

《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》白皮书(8)(中英对照)

来源:可可英语 编辑:Villa   可可英语APP下载 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet

III. Significant Changes in China's Response to Climate Change

三、中国应对气候变化发生历史性变化

China upholds the vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development. Based on domestic realities and taking into consideration the international situation, China continues to employ its wisdom and apply its solutions to the transition to green and low-carbon social and economic development. As a responsible major country, it is making its due contribution to the global response to climate change.

中国坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念,立足国内、胸怀世界,以中国智慧和中国方案推动经济社会绿色低碳转型发展不断取得新成效,以大国担当为全球应对气候变化作出积极贡献。

1. Coordinating Economic Development with Reductions in Pollution and Carbon Emissions

(一)经济发展与减污降碳协同效应凸显

China follows the path of green, low-carbon and sustainable development, and is committed to integrating green development into the whole process of economic development. Greenness has become an integral component of sustained and high-quality social and economic development, and China's carbon intensity has decreased significantly. China's carbon intensity in 2020 was 18.8 percent lower than that in 2015, a better result than the binding target set in the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020). The figure was also 48.4 percent less than that in 2005, which means that China had more than fulfilled its commitment to the international community – to achieve a 40-45 percent reduction in carbon intensity from the 2005 level by 2020. The drop in carbon intensity translates to a total reduction of about 5.8 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions from 2005 to 2020, and demonstrates that China has largely reversed the rapid growth of its carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, China's economy has achieved leapfrog development. Its GDP in 2020 was more than four times greater than in 2005. It has achieved a great victory in moving nearly 100 million rural poor out of poverty, and succeeded in the arduous task of eliminating absolute poverty. China has also achieved remarkable successes in eco-environmental protection, and the overall environment is becoming more beautiful. It has taken solid steps to build a beautiful China. The binding eco-environmental targets set in the 13th Five-Year Plan have all been exceeded. The following results were achieved in 2020: The ratio of days with "excellent" air quality in cities at and above prefecture level was 87 percent (against a target of 84.5 percent). The average concentration of PM2.5 in cities at and above prefecture level went down by 28.8 percent from the 2015 level (against a target of 18 percent). The combined proportion of state-controlled water sections with good-quality surface water increased to 83.4 percent (against a target of 70 percent). The proportion of water sections with bad quality surface water below Grade V decreased to 0.6 percent (against a target of 5 percent). Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen emissions and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have continued to decline after China completed the 13th Five-Year Plan ahead of schedule in 2019. The phased objectives and tasks of pollution prevention and control have been completed to a high standard. The battles to defend blue skies, clear waters and clean land and the seven landmark campaigns for pollution prevention and control have achieved decisive results. The number of days with heavy pollution has decreased significantly.

中国坚定不移走绿色、低碳、可持续发展道路,致力于将绿色发展理念融汇到经济建设的各方面和全过程,绿色已成为经济高质量发展的亮丽底色,在经济社会持续健康发展的同时,碳排放强度显著下降。2020年中国碳排放强度比2015年下降18.8%,超额完成“十三五”约束性目标,比2005年下降48.4%,超额完成了中国向国际社会承诺的到2020年下降40%-45%的目标,累计少排放二氧化碳约58亿吨,基本扭转了二氧化碳排放快速增长的局面。与此同时,中国经济实现跨越式发展,2020年GDP比2005年增长超4倍,取得了近1亿农村贫困人口脱贫的巨大胜利,完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务。中国生态环境保护工作也取得历史性成就,环境“颜值”普遍提升,美丽中国建设迈出坚实步伐。“十三五”规划纲要确定的生态环境约束性指标均圆满超额完成。其中,全国地级及以上城市优良天数比率为87%(目标84.5%);PM2.5未达标地级及以上城市平均浓度相比2015年下降28.8%(目标18%);全国地表水优良水质断面比例提高到83.4%(目标70%);劣Ⅴ类水体比例下降到0.6%(目标5%);二氧化硫、氮氧化物、化学需氧量、氨氮排放量和单位GDP二氧化碳排放指标,均在2019年提前完成“十三五”目标基础上继续保持下降。污染防治攻坚战阶段性目标任务高质量完成。蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战,七大标志性战役取得决定性成效。重污染天数明显减少。

2. Remarkable Results in Revolutionizing Energy Production and Consumption

(二)能源生产和消费革命取得显著成效

China has committed to implementing a new energy security strategy, with major changes made in energy production and utilization, and historic achievements in energy development. These provide vital momentum to achieve high-quality development, win the battle against poverty, and build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. They also contribute to China's drive to mitigate climate change and build a clean and beautiful world.

中国坚定不移实施能源安全新战略,能源生产和利用方式发生重大变革,能源发展取得历史性成就,为服务高质量发展、打赢脱贫攻坚战和全面建成小康社会提供重要支撑,为应对气候变化、建设清洁美丽世界作出积极贡献。

Non-fossil energy is developing rapidly. China gives priority to the development of non-fossil energy. It is vigorously developing and utilizing alternative energy sources, and promoting a green and low-carbon transformation of its energy industry. Preliminary calculations show that in 2020, non-fossil energy contributed 15.9 percent to China's total energy consumption, a significant increase of 8.5 percentage points compared with 2005. The total installed capacity of non-fossil energy power generation in China reached 980 million kW, accounting for 44.7 percent of total installed capacity. Within this figure, wind represented 280 million kW, PV 250 million kW, hydro 370 million kW, biomass 29.52 million kW, and nuclear power 49.89 million kW. PV power increased by a factor of more than 3,000 compared with 2005, and wind by a factor of more than 200. Electricity generated by non-fossil energy reached 2.6 trillion kWh, representing more than one third of the power consumption of the country.

非化石能源快速发展。中国把非化石能源放在能源发展优先位置,大力开发利用非化石能源,推进能源绿色低碳转型。初步核算,2020年,中国非化石能源占能源消费总量比重提高到15.9%,比2005年大幅提升了8.5个百分点;中国非化石能源发电装机总规模达到9.8亿千瓦,占总装机的比重达到44.7%,其中,风电、光伏、水电、生物质发电、核电装机容量分别达到2.8亿千瓦、2.5亿千瓦、3.7亿千瓦、2952万千瓦、4989万千瓦,光伏和风电装机容量较2005年分别增加了3000多倍和200多倍。非化石能源发电量达到2.6万亿千瓦时,占全社会用电量的比重达到三分之一以上。

China is rapidly reducing its energy consumption intensity. Preliminary calculations show that the reduction from 2011 to 2020 reached 28.7 percent, one of the fastest in the world. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), China fueled an average annual economic growth of 5.7 percent with an average annual energy consumption growth of 2.8 percent, and the amount of energy it saved accounted for about half of the global energy savings in the same period. China has been ranked among leading countries in the efficiency of coal consumption in its coal-fired power generation units. By the end of 2020, it had approximately 950 million kW of installed capacity in ultra-low emission units, and over 800 million kW of installed capacity in units that had undergone energy-saving transformation. The average coal consumption of thermal power plants had decreased to 305.8 grams of standard coal per kWh, down more than 27 grams compared with 2010. The energy saved represents a reduction of 370 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emission by coal-fired power generation units in 2020 compared with 2010. From 2016 to 2020, China issued 16 mandatory energy consumption quota standards, achieving an annual energy saving of 77 million tonnes of standard coal, equivalent to 148 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions; it issued 26 mandatory product and equipment energy efficiency standards, realizing an annual power saving of 49 billion kWh.

能耗强度显著降低。中国是全球能耗强度降低最快的国家之一,初步核算,2011年至2020年中国能耗强度累计下降28.7%。“十三五”期间,中国以年均2.8%的能源消费量增长支撑了年均5.7%的经济增长,节约能源占同时期全球节能量的一半左右。中国煤电机组供电煤耗持续保持世界先进水平,截至2020年底,中国达到超低排放水平的煤电机组约9.5亿千瓦,节能改造规模超过8亿千瓦,火电厂平均供电煤耗降至305.8克标煤/千瓦时,较2010年下降超过27克标煤/千瓦时。据测算,供电能耗降低使2020年火电行业相比2010年减少二氧化碳排放3.7亿吨。2016年至2020年,中国发布强制性能耗限额标准16项,实现年节能量7700万吨标准煤,相当于减排二氧化碳1.48亿吨;发布强制性产品设备能效标准26项,实现年节电量490亿千瓦时。

China has accelerated the transformation to a clean and low-carbon energy consumption structure. In order to address pollution and climate change caused by fossil fuel combustion, China has strictly controlled coal consumption, and the proportion of coal consumption has continued to decline significantly. In 2020, China's total energy consumption was kept under 5 billion tonnes of standard coal. The proportion of coal in its total energy consumption dropped from 72.4 percent in 2005 to 56.8 percent in 2020. China exceeded the target for reducing coal production capacity and eliminated more than 45 million kW of outdated coal and electricity production capacity during the 2016-2020 period. By the end of 2020, the clean heating rate in winter in northern China had increased to more than 60 percent. Coal for non-industrial sectors has been replaced with cleaner energy in the power supply to around 25 million households in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and surrounding areas and on the Fenwei Plain, representing a reduction of around 50 million tonnes of coal for non-industrial sectors, which is equivalent to cutting about 92 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions.

能源消费结构向清洁低碳加速转化。为应对化石能源燃烧所带来的环境污染和气候变化问题,中国严控煤炭消费,煤炭消费占比持续明显下降。2020年中国能源消费总量控制在50亿吨标准煤以内,煤炭占能源消费总量比重由2005年的72.4%下降至2020年的56.8%。中国超额完成“十三五”煤炭去产能、淘汰煤电落后产能目标任务,累计淘汰煤电落后产能4500万千瓦以上。截至2020年底,中国北方地区冬季清洁取暖率已提升到60%以上,京津冀及周边地区、汾渭平原累计完成散煤替代2500万户左右,削减散煤约5000万吨,据测算,相当于少排放二氧化碳约9200万吨。

Energy development significantly contributes to poverty alleviation. China has implemented a project to alleviate poverty through the rational development and utilization of energy resources in poor areas, effectively boosting their economic development capacity. China has built a total of more than 26 million kW of PV poverty-alleviation power stations, and thousands of "sunshine banks" in poor rural areas, benefiting about 60,000 poor villages and 4.15 million poor households. This innovative model for the integrated development of PV energy and agriculture is helping to win the battle against poverty.

能源发展有力支持脱贫攻坚。中国实施能源扶贫工程,通过合理开发利用贫困地区能源资源,有效提升了贫困地区自身“造血”能力,为贫困地区经济发展增添新动能。中国累计建成超过2600万千瓦光伏扶贫电站,成千上万座“阳光银行”遍布贫困农村地区,惠及约6万个贫困村、415万贫困户,形成了光伏与农业融合发展的创新模式,助力打赢脱贫攻坚战。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
quality ['kwɔliti]

想一想再看

n. 品质,特质,才能
adj. 高品质的

 
contribute [kən'tribju:t]

想一想再看

vt. 捐助,投稿
vi. 投稿,贡献,是原因

联想记忆
capacity [kə'pæsiti]

想一想再看

n. 能力,容量,容积; 资格,职位
adj.

联想记忆
vital ['vaitl]

想一想再看

adj. 至关重要的,生死攸关的,有活力的,致命的

联想记忆
security [si'kju:riti]

想一想再看

n. 安全,防护措施,保证,抵押,债券,证券

 
landmark ['lændmɑ:k]

想一想再看

n. 陆标,地界标,里程碑,划时代的事

联想记忆
social ['səuʃəl]

想一想再看

adj. 社会的,社交的
n. 社交聚会

 
equivalent [i'kwivələnt]

想一想再看

adj. 等价的,相等的
n. 相等物

联想记忆
transformation [.trænsfə'meiʃən]

想一想再看

n. 转型,转化,改造

联想记忆
global ['gləubəl]

想一想再看

adj. 全球性的,全世界的,球状的,全局的

联想记忆

发布评论我来说2句

    最新文章

    可可英语官方微信(微信号:ikekenet)

    每天向大家推送短小精悍的英语学习资料.

    添加方式1.扫描上方可可官方微信二维码。
    添加方式2.搜索微信号ikekenet添加即可。