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笔译考前必看实用翻译技巧(5)

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  五、汉语成语翻译的多样性

  例:欢天喜地

  1)宁荣两处上下内外人等,莫不欢天喜地。(曹雪芹:《红楼梦》,第十六回)

  Then high and low alike in both mansions were filled with joy.

  2)那小厮欢天喜地,答应去了。(曹雪芹:《红楼梦》,第三十九回)

  The boy assented and made off in high spirits.

  3)我才已经和他母亲说了,BANNED已经欢天喜地应了。(曹雪芹:《红楼梦》,第七十二回)

  I've spoken to Chaixia's mother and she's consented gladly.

  4)两个小头目听了这话,欢天喜地,说道:“好了!众人在此少待一时。”(施耐庵:《水浒传》,第十七回)

  The junior officers were delighted.“Excellent,” they said. “Just wait here a little.”

  5)不论归迟归早,那妇人顿羹顿饭,欢天喜地服侍武松,武松倒过意不去。(施耐庵:《水浒传》,第二十四回)

  Whenever he returned home,whether early or late,Golden Lotus had food ready.She served him with obvious pleasure.It rather embarrassed him.

  6)得蒙差遣,欢天喜地,收拾枪刀。(施耐庵:《水浒传》,第六十三回)

  Happy with their mission,they gathered their weapons.

  7)石宝得胜,欢天喜地,回城中去了。(施耐庵:《水浒传》,第九十五回)

  The victorious Shi Bao returned to Hangzhou in jubilation.

  8)他们没有杀人的罪名,又偿了心愿,自然都欢天喜地的发出一种呜呜咽咽的笑声。(鲁迅:《呐喊》中的《狂人日记》)

  Then they can enjoy their hearts’ desire without being blamed for murder.Naturally that delights them and sets them roaring with laughter.

  汉语成语“欢天喜地”形容非常高兴,其中“欢”和“喜”表示高兴,“天”和“地”表示“非常”的意思,并非真正表示“天地”。这是汉语文学作品中常用的成语之一。像这样的成语并不能根据其字面意思来翻译,“天”和“地”不能译成,heaven和earth。这条成语可根据原文的实际含义来翻译:to be highly elated。我们也可用对等的英语成语来翻译:to go into raptures;to be in high glee。上面8个例句中的“欢天喜地”采用了8种不同的译法,充分显示了多样性译法的优越性:1)were filled with joy;2)in high spirits;3)gladly;4)were delighted;5)with obvious pleasure;6)happy;7)in jubilation;8)delights。

  在采用多样性翻译方法时,可参考英语的和汉语的同义词词典,也可参考英汉和汉英词典。比如,在翻译汉语成语“大惊小怪”时,我们可以先参考英语同义词词典,查fussy这一基本词条,同时再参考汉英成语手册,查“大惊小怪”的各种英译。综合以上两类词典里的相应词语和词组,“大惊小怪”就会有大量的多样性译法:

  (1)be surprised or alarmed at sth quite normal

  (2)be surprised or alarmed at sth perfectly common

  (3)make a fuss about nothing

  (4)make unnecessary ado about trifles

  (5)make a fuss about(sth)

  (6)fuss about[over]sth[trifles]

  (7)much ado about nothing

  (8)much[great]cry and little wool

  (9)a flurried[hurried]ado about trifles

  (10)get alarmed for[about]nothing

  (11)get nothing for nothing

  (12)get all stirred up over nothing

  (13)make a terrible to-do about sth

  (14)a storm in a teacup

  (15)a tempest in a teapot

  (16)a teapot tempest

  (17)a tempest in a barrel

  (18)a tempest in a bucket

  (19)create about(it)

  (20)like a hen with one chick[chicken]

  (21)alarmism

  (22)fussy

  (23)get jittery for nothing

  (24)great alarm at a little bogey
重点单词   查看全部解释    
jubilation [.dʒu:bil'eiʃən]

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n. 欢腾,喜悦,庆祝

 
chick [tʃik]

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adj. 胆小的,懦弱的 n. 小鸡

 
elated [i'leitid]

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adj. 兴高采烈的 动词elate的过去式和过去分词形

联想记忆
obvious ['ɔbviəs]

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adj. 明显的,显然的

联想记忆
unnecessary [ʌn'nesisəri]

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adj. 不必要的,多余的

 
alarmed

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adj. 受惊的;焦虑的;惊恐的 v. 报警(alarm

 
embarrassed [im'bærəst]

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adj. 尴尬的,局促不安的,拮据的

 
fuss [fʌs]

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n. 大惊小怪,小题大作,强烈不满或争吵
vi

 
wool [wul]

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n. 羊毛,毛线,毛织品

 
bucket ['bʌkit]

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n. 水桶
vt. 装在桶里
vi.

 


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