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3.5转换 (Shift of perspective)
大体可分为 7 种：①词类转换（转性）；②句子成分转换；③表达方式转换；④自然语序和倒装语序转换；⑤正面表达与反面表达转换；⑥主动语态与被动语态转换；⑦分句转换。
一、词类转换
1. 名词到动词
1）表示心理状态和观点表达的名词。
My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.
我建议他立刻戒烟。
opinion
thought
objection
refusal
declaration
declination
proposal
suggestion
hope
wish
dream
dread
afraid
worry
2)“七感”以及衍生名词
For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.
数百万移民一踏上这块希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。
sight
hearing
touch
smelling
taste
feeling
hunch/intuition
spectator
audience
Large numbers enjoy the spectator sports.
许多人喜欢观看比赛。
3) 加er或or结尾的动词派生词，不表示身份或职业，而有较强的动作意味。
a fast runner跑得很快,
a smart learner学得很快
a good liar你真会说谎
a bad kisser你吻技真差
You are such a loser! 你真逊！
4) 四大基本趋势以及任何表示动态变化的名词
increase
decrease
stabilization
fluctuation
The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.
在过去的 20 年当中，美国航空业迅猛发展。
extension
concentration
dilution
growth
boom
prosperity
2. 介词到动词
1) off 脱离；离开；出去；走了
2）beyond 超过
The book is beyond my understanding.
我根本读不懂这本书。
The classroom is beyond its maximum seating capacity.
这个教室坐不下那么多人。
Beyond paradise
3) above / below超过/ 低于
It’s below the average level.
4) with /without 具有；拥有/缺乏；没有
5）from/to 包括；如
the developing countries from
包括中国、巴西在内的发展中国家
如中国、巴西的发展中国家
from
derive from 来源于
free from脱离
to
gift to you赠与；给
6）over 战胜
The victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil.
正义战胜了专断行为，理智战胜了堕落和盲目，民主战胜了帝国主义，善战胜了恶。
7) under 客观的具有；
under the policy
under the assumption
中国政府无义务承诺
The Chinese government is under no obligation to
8）during 赶上
During the 10th anniversary of our corporation’s founding, I’d like to have 35% off the original price.
3. 形容词和副词互转
Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad.
我国政府十分关心海外侨胞。
4. 动词到名词
Our proposal was warmly welcomed by all the representatives.
我们的提议得到了全体代表的热烈欢迎。
The girl impressed her relatives’ favorably with her vivacity and sense of humor.
这个女孩以她的活泼和幽默感给她亲戚们留下了极好的印象。
The visiting guests were escorted to the
上周日，来访客和陪同人员一起参观了黄鹤楼。
