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美国历史《我们的故事》第一集反抗者11:波士顿倾茶事件(下)

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Text:Among them are John Adams, Patrick Henry, and a gentleman landowner from Virginia named George.At a time when our lordly masters in Great Britain will be satisfied with nothing less than the deprivation of American freedom, it seems highly necessary that something should be done to maintain liberty. Across New England, people prepare to defend themselves. Smuggled arms are collected and stashed in secret hideaways. But while many expect conflict, most delegates in Philadelphia want peace with Britain. A military action would make a wound that would never be healed. That's good, we don't have all day, let's go, come on. The First Continental Congress resol ves that a British attack on any one colony will be regarded as an attack on all of them. What emerges at Philadelphia is solidarity. The distinctions between Virginians,Pennsylvanians, New Englanders, and New Yorkers are no more. I'm not a Virginian. I am an American. The future of the 13 American colonies hangs in the balance.Spring 1775. Near Concord, Massachusetts. Get in here, get those weapons stacked up. We haven't got all day. Local gunsmith Isaac Davis puts the town militia through basic training. The American patriots knew that they were doing the right thing. You're starting the birth of a nation. You had to really believe in what you were doing. You've gotta keep this clean here, sir. If you keep that clean, it'll save your life. If war comes, this will be America's first line of defense. A volunteer home guard with weapons paid for by local citizens. Gentlemen, it's looking good, it's looking good. Let's have some breakfast and move out. They're farmers, blacksmiths, and store owners. A fightin g force of ordinary Americans. The militiamen of any of the colonies were made up of just its citizens. It was a citizen -based protection unit. And some of them had some skills, but some of them were just the carpenters. Some of them were just the mason or the blacksmith. I mean, these were the guys that-- they had something at stake to protect their colony. So they started to form together, just trying to help protect each other. Every town across the colonies has its own militia,but now they're preparing to defend themselves against the British Army. Better than yesterday, better than yesterday. For six generations across Massachusetts, men are expected to serve as militiamen. In Massachusetts, 1/3 of all men between 16 and 50 are ready to bear arms at a minute's notice. Excellent, good shot. We keep this up, we're gonna give those redcoats a scare, all right?《美国简史》系本纪录片历史背景
译文:他们中有约翰·亚当斯,帕德里克·亨利和来自弗吉尼亚的乡绅乔治·华盛顿。当大不列颠颐指气使的主人们不彻底剥夺我们美国人的自由就不愿罢休的时候,行动起来保卫自由成为当务之急。整个新英格兰地区人们准备奋起自卫,走私枪械被集中藏在隐蔽地点。不过,与许多民众期待战争的心理相反,大多数费城会议的代表希望与英国和解,军事行动会造成永远无法愈合的创伤。好了,没时间了,我们走。第一次大陆会议达成决议,英国对任一北美殖民地的攻击将被视为对全体殖民地的攻击。费城会议沉浸在团结的气氛之中,弗吉尼亚人,宾夕法尼亚人,新英格兰人,纽约人之间的界限将不复存在。我不是弗吉尼亚人,我是美国人,13个北美殖民地的未来悬于一线。1775年春,马萨诸塞州康科德近郊。进来,把这些武器码起来,没时间了。当地枪械工匠艾萨克·戴维斯正在对镇民兵进行基本训练。威廉·博迪特[美国海军陆战队一级军士长]:“这些爱国者知道他们从事的是正义的事业,要创立一个新的国家,必须要有执着的信念。”先生,你得让这儿保持干净。做到这一点能保住你的命,一旦开战,这里将是美国的第一道防线。由当地民众雇佣的武装志愿兵队伍,先生们,不错,不错,吃完早餐后就出发。他们中有农民,铁匠和店主,一支美国平民组成的战斗力量。理查德·麦克·马克威茨[军事专家 前海豹突击队队员]:“所有殖民地的民兵都直接来自当地市民,是市民组成的保卫团体,他们中有懂得作战技巧的人,但也有只会木匠活的木工和身无旁技的石匠和铁匠。实际上,他们保卫殖民地的行为也是出于对自身利益的捍卫,他们就这样走到了一起,大家守望相助。所有殖民地市镇都拥有自己的民兵组织,他们现在有了新的任务,保卫家园不受英军侵犯。比昨天好,比昨天好。对这六代马萨诸塞人而言,男丁参军被视为义务。在马萨诸塞,16至50岁的男人有三分之一能够在战争打响的第一时间拿起武器参战。太棒了,很准,我们保持这个水准,让那些英国兵瞧瞧我们的厉害。背景知识:波士顿倾茶事件(下)

Text:Among them are John Adams, Patrick Henry, and a gentleman landowner from Virginia named George.At a time when our lordly masters in Great Britain will be satisfied with nothing less than the deprivation of American freedom, it seems highly necessary that something should be done to maintain liberty. Across New England, people prepare to defend themselves. Smuggled arms are collected and stashed in secret hideaways. But while many expect conflict, most delegates in Philadelphia want peace with Britain. A military action would make a wound that would never be healed. That's good, we don't have all day, let's go, come on. The First Continental Congress resol ves that a British attack on any one colony will be regarded as an attack on all of them. What emerges at Philadelphia is solidarity. The distinctions between Virginians,Pennsylvanians, New Englanders, and New Yorkers are no more. I'm not a Virginian. I am an American. The future of the 13 American colonies hangs in the balance.Spring 1775. Near Concord, Massachusetts. Get in here, get those weapons stacked up. We haven't got all day. Local gunsmith Isaac Davis puts the town militia through basic training. The American patriots knew that they were doing the right thing. You're starting the birth of a nation. You had to really believe in what you were doing. You've gotta keep this clean here, sir. If you keep that clean, it'll save your life. If war comes, this will be America's first line of defense. A volunteer home guard with weapons paid for by local citizens. Gentlemen, it's looking good, it's looking good. Let's have some breakfast and move out. They're farmers, blacksmiths, and store owners. A fightin g force of ordinary Americans. The militiamen of any of the colonies were made up of just its citizens. It was a citizen -based protection unit. And some of them had some skills, but some of them were just the carpenters. Some of them were just the mason or the blacksmith. I mean, these were the guys that-- they had something at stake to protect their colony. So they started to form together, just trying to help protect each other. Every town across the colonies has its own militia,but now they're preparing to defend themselves against the British Army. Better than yesterday, better than yesterday. For six generations across Massachusetts, men are expected to serve as militiamen. In Massachusetts, 1/3 of all men between 16 and 50 are ready to bear arms at a minute's notice. Excellent, good shot. We keep this up, we're gonna give those redcoats a scare, all right?

译文:他们中有约翰·亚当斯,帕德里克·亨利和来自弗吉尼亚的乡绅乔治·华盛顿。当大不列颠颐指气使的主人们不彻底剥夺我们美国人的自由就不愿罢休的时候,行动起来保卫自由成为当务之急。整个新英格兰地区人们准备奋起自卫,走私枪械被集中藏在隐蔽地点。不过,与许多民众期待战争的心理相反,大多数费城会议的代表希望与英国和解,军事行动会造成永远无法愈合的创伤。好了,没时间了,我们走。第一次大陆会议达成决议,英国对任一北美殖民地的攻击将被视为对全体殖民地的攻击。费城会议沉浸在团结的气氛之中,弗吉尼亚人,宾夕法尼亚人,新英格兰人,纽约人之间的界限将不复存在。我不是弗吉尼亚人,我是美国人,13个北美殖民地的未来悬于一线。1775年春,马萨诸塞州康科德近郊。进来,把这些武器码起来,没时间了。当地枪械工匠艾萨克·戴维斯正在对镇民兵进行基本训练。威廉·博迪特[美国海军陆战队一级军士长]:“这些爱国者知道他们从事的是正义的事业,要创立一个新的国家,必须要有执着的信念。”先生,你得让这儿保持干净。做到这一点能保住你的命,一旦开战,这里将是美国的第一道防线。由当地民众雇佣的武装志愿兵队伍,先生们,不错,不错,吃完早餐后就出发。他们中有农民,铁匠和店主,一支美国平民组成的战斗力量。理查德·麦克·马克威茨[军事专家 前海豹突击队队员]:“所有殖民地的民兵都直接来自当地市民,是市民组成的保卫团体,他们中有懂得作战技巧的人,但也有只会木匠活的木工和身无旁技的石匠和铁匠。实际上,他们保卫殖民地的行为也是出于对自身利益的捍卫,他们就这样走到了一起,大家守望相助。所有殖民地市镇都拥有自己的民兵组织,他们现在有了新的任务,保卫家园不受英军侵犯。比昨天好,比昨天好。对这六代马萨诸塞人而言,男丁参军被视为义务。在马萨诸塞,16至50岁的男人有三分之一能够在战争打响的第一时间拿起武器参战。太棒了,很准,我们保持这个水准,让那些英国兵瞧瞧我们的厉害。

《美国简史》系本纪录片历史背景

背景知识:波士顿倾茶事件(下)

(内容接上期)

(三)第一届大陆会议

  1774年9月5日到10月26日,第一届大陆会议在费城召开,除乔治亚外的12个殖民地派出了55名与会代表(乔治亚代表团遭总督阻止未能与会)。这55人中,绝大多数是律师,其他的是商人和农场主,其中有塞缪尔·亚当斯、约翰·亚当斯、乔治·华盛顿等未来美国的开国元勋。

会议首先讨论了宾夕法尼亚代表约瑟夫·盖洛韦提出的政治方案。此方案主张设立一个北美议会,与英国议会一起共同管理殖民地事务,未经它的同意,英国议会不得向殖民地颁布任何法令。正当代表们对该方案进行激烈辩论时,"自由之子"中的保罗·里维尔从波士顿火速赶来,向大会递交了《萨福克决议案》,这一方案是在9月9日马萨诸塞殖民地萨福克举行的一次会议获得通过的。决议案历数殖民地蒙受的种种不公平待遇,要求改变这种现状,并指出:"强制法令是不公正、不合法的,因而也是无效的,马萨诸塞应该武装起来对抗英国的暴政。"决议案还要求各殖民地对英国货物实行全面抵制。这项措辞严厉、饱含激进色彩的法案,很快获得了与会代表的认同。

图:波士顿惨案

  10月14日,会议通过了由约翰·亚当斯起草的致英国及北美殖民地的《权利宣言和陈情书》,重申了殖民地人民对英国当局种种的不满和英国议会无权征税的观点,指出:殖民地民众有生存、自由和财产的权利,只有直接代表他们的机构才有权向他们征税。为了使英国政府能够接受,陈情书仍认可英国议会有权管理殖民地的商业。为了对英国的强制法令进行报复,会议决定全面抵制英货。会议最后商定,到次年5月,如果殖民地的状况仍未改善,将再次聚会考虑采取更强硬的措施。

  会议结束后,抵制英货的执行效果很好。1772年,英国对北美殖民地的出口将近500万英镑,1774年降至约250万英镑,1775年只有25万英镑了。

图:波士顿倾茶事件

  第一届大陆会议的决议传到英国后,英国的统治阶级内部几种不同的意见进行着激烈的交锋。大部分议员认为,殖民地正在一步步迈向独立,只有更强有力地显示英国议会的权威,才能压制殖民地的反抗活动。国王乔治三世也主张这种看法,他在1774年11月的一份诏谕中说:"新英格兰各地政府正处于一片叛乱状态。必须狠狠痛击,从而断定他们究竟是将臣服于我国,还是企图独立。"但少数议员,如前首相威廉·皮特却认识到了事态的严重性,提出向北美殖民地进行让步。1775年1月20日,他在议会里提出了一项主张撤销《强制法令》以及从殖民地撤军的动议,但是这一提议未获通过。3天以后,又一项要求撤销"强制法令"的提议在议会提出,同样遭到否决,随后,威廉·皮特继续努力,以避免对殖民地民众发生直接的对立冲突,要求英国议会承认大陆会议提出的"各项合乎实际的要求",但仍然归于失败。

(下期讲述美国史—莱克星顿的枪声)

重点单词   查看全部解释    
protect [prə'tekt]

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vt. 保护,投保

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protection [prə'tekʃən]

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n. 保护,防卫

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haven ['heivn]

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n. 港口,避难所,安息所 v. 安置 ... 于港中,

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stake [steik]

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n. 桩,赌注,利害关系
v. 下注,用桩支撑

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conflict ['kɔnflikt]

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n. 冲突,矛盾,斗争,战斗
vi. 冲突,争

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defense [di'fens]

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n. 防卫,防卫物,辩护
vt. 防守

 
deprivation [.depri'veiʃən]

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n. 剥夺,免职,匮乏,丧失,夺去

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military ['militəri]

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adj. 军事的
n. 军队

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colony ['kɔləni]

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n. 殖民地,侨民,侨居地,聚居(地), 群体,菌落

 
militia [mi'liʃə]

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n. 民兵组织,义勇军,国民军

 


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