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美国历史《我们的故事》第五集内战71:内战建立起的医疗体系

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The shattering, splintering, and splitting of a long bone by the impact of a Minie ball is both remarkable and frightening.

迷你弹对长骨带来的冲击所造成的骨骼粉碎,破裂,撕烂触目惊心令人胆寒
An experienced surgeon can hack off a limb in just ten minutes.
一位有经验的外科医生可以在十分钟内截掉一段肢体
Ether and chloroform are used as anesthetics.
当时的麻醉药是乙醚和氯仿
If a bullet doesn't kill you, then infection can.
即使从枪口下逃生,伤口感染也会致命
Gangrene is the greatest killer.
坏疽是最大的杀手
Deprived of oxygen,wounds become an ideal breeding ground for clostridium,
由于隔绝了氧气伤口成了梭菌理想的滋生地
a bacteria that releases a poisonous toxin destroying tissue.
这种细菌释放出毒素,破坏组织结构
Death can follow quickly.
紧随其后的便是死亡
Approximately 60,000 amputations are performed during the Civil War,
据估计内战时期共进行了6万次截肢手术
more than in any other war America has fought in.
这个数字超过了美国参与的其他任何战争
Twice as many soldiers died from infected wounds and disease as on the battlefield.
死于伤口感染和疾病的士兵人数是死在战场上人数的两倍
This unprecedented carnage forces a complete rethink of traditional battlefield medicine.
空前巨大的伤亡迫使人们开始重新审视传统战地医疗
Looking after the well-being of soldiers becomes as central to the war effort as the supply of guns and ammunition.
照顾士兵们的健康对提升部队战斗力来说与枪支弹药的供给同等重要
Large numbers of women sign up as battlefield nurses.
大量的妇女志愿加入战地护士的队伍
One of them is Clara Barton.
克拉拉·巴顿就是其中之一
Help me, please. A saw?
来帮帮忙,拿个锯子来
Clara Barton is untrained and unpaid.
克拉拉·巴顿未经训练也不拿酬劳
When she starts, most nurses are men.
她刚加入时大部分护士都是男人
It is a menial occupation.
这是一份又脏又累的工作
The remedies she proposes for the care of the wounded are simple,but revolutionary in their effect.
她所提出的处理伤员的方法非常简但实际效果却是革命性的
They want food, clothing, shelter, medicines,and a few calm, practical persons to administer them.
他们需要食物,衣服,住处,药物以及一些冷静,有经验的人照料他们
She insists the injured have a ready supply of clean bandages.
她坚持要随时为伤者提供干净的绷带
First aid, the sorting of the wounded with the most serious cases first.
采取急救时要首先辨认出伤势最重的伤员
The Civil War brings in a series of innovations that form the basis of battlefield medicine to this day.
内战带来了一系列创新建立了传承至今的战地医疗体系的基础
20,000 women sign on as nurses during the war.
内战期间,20000名女性报名成为护士
Clara Barton herself goes on to found the American Red Cross.
克拉拉·巴顿继续前行后来建立了美国红十字会
Standards of hygiene begin to dramatically improve with the discovery of bromine.
溴的发现使得卫生水平大幅度改善
This caustic chemical is effective against the bacteria that cause gangrene.
这种腐蚀性的化学物质可以有效地抑制产生坏疽的细菌滋生
As a result, nearly 3/4 of amputees survive surgery and gangrene becomes rare by the war's end.
因此,近四分之三的截肢者得以存活下来,到了战争末期坏疽已是鲜有发生

重点单词   查看全部解释    
bacteria [bæk'tiəriə]

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n. (复数)细菌

 
surgeon ['sə:dʒən]

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n. 外科医生

 
traditional [trə'diʃənəl]

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adj. 传统的

 
infection [in'fekʃən]

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n. 传染,影响,传染病

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revolutionary [.revə'lu:ʃənəri]

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adj. 革命的
n. 革命者

 
menial ['mi:niəl]

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adj. 适合仆人做的,卑微的 n. 佣人,家仆,卑贱的

 
minutes ['minits]

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n. 会议记录,(复数)分钟

 
toxin ['tɔksin]

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n. 毒素,毒质

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survive [sə'vaiv]

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vt. 比 ... 活得长,幸免于难,艰难度过

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occupation [.ɔkju'peiʃən]

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n. 职业,侵占,居住

 


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