the bays that have been frozen up all winter,这些海湾已封冻了一整个冬天

froze up:冻结

The cooking utensil were frozen up in the ice.

炊具都给冻在冰里了。

The water pipe froze up.

这水管冻结了。

but are now opening up.而现在刚开始解冻

open up:打开, 开发, 展现, 开始, 揭露, 开放

After a few drinks he began to open up a bit.

他喝了几杯酒话就多起来了。

The book will open up to readers new vistas on economic thinking.

这本书将为读者展现经济思想的新远景。

cutting off the air that they need to breathe.隔绝它们所需的空气

cut off:切断, 使隔绝

He was cut off from his fellows.

他和同伴失去联系。

The heavy wind cut off the wire.

大风刮断了电线。