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Today in History: Thursday, January 31, 2013
历史上的今天：2013年1月31日，星期四
On Jan. 31, 1958, the United States entered the Space Age with its first successful launch of a satellite into orbit, Explorer I.
在1958年1月31日，美国第一颗卫星“探险号”成功发射进入轨道，美国进入太空时代。
1606 Guy Fawkes, convicted for his part in the Gunpowder Plot against the English Parliament and King James I, was executed.
1606年，盖伊·福克斯因参与“火药阴谋”反对英国议会和詹姆斯国王被执行死刑。
1797 Composer Franz Schubert was born in Vienna, Austria.
1797年，作曲家弗朗兹·舒伯特在奥地利维也纳出生。
1865 Robert E. Lee was named general-in-chief of the Confederate armies.
1865年，罗伯特·李将军被任命为南方邦联军队总司令。
1917 Germany announced a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
1917年，德国宣布一项无限制潜艇战政策。
1919 Baseball Hall of Famer Jackie Robinson, who broke the sport's color barrier in 1947, was born in Cairo, Ga.
1919年，在1947年打破了肤色障碍的棒球名人堂成员杰基·罗宾逊在开罗出生。
1944 U.S. forces invaded the Japanese-held Marshall Islands during World War II.
1944年，二战期间，美国军队入侵日本占领的马绍尔群岛。
1949 The first TV daytime soap opera, "These Are My Children," was broadcast by the NBC station in Chicago.
1949年，第一部电视日间肥皂剧《这些是我的孩子》在芝加哥NBC电台播出。
1950 President Harry S. Truman announced that he had ordered development of the hydrogen bomb.
1950年，杜鲁门总统宣布他已下令研制氢弹。
1971 Astronauts Alan B. Shepard Jr., Edgar D. Mitchell and Stuart A. Roosa blasted off aboard Apollo 14 on the third successful manned mission to the moon.
1971年，宇航员Alan B. Shepard Jr., Edgar D. Mitchell and Stuart A. Roosa搭乘阿波罗14号成功进行载人登月计划。
1990 McDonald's Corp. opened its first fast-food restaurant in Moscow.
1990年，麦当劳在莫斯科开设了第一家快餐店。
2000 An Alaska Airlines jet plunged into the ocean off Southern California on a flight from Mexico to San Francisco, killing all 88 people on board.
2000年，阿拉斯加航空公司从墨西哥飞往旧金山的飞机坠入南加州外的大海，机上88人全部遇难。
2006 Samuel Alito was confirmed by the Senate and sworn in as a Supreme Court justice.
2006年，塞缪尔·阿利托经参议院确认宣誓就任最高法院法官。
2006 The Senate approved Ben Bernanke as chairman of the Federal Reserve.
2006年，参议院批准伯南克为美联储主席。
2011 Egypt's military promised not to fire on peaceful protests and recognized "the legitimacy of the people's demands."
2011年，埃及军队承诺针对和平抗议不使用火力，承认“人民需求的合法性。”
2011 Myanmar opened its first parliament in more than two decades.
2011年，二十多年来，缅甸召开首次议会。
