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What If You Stopped Eating?
如果你停止吃东西会怎样
Food is a favourite pastime for many, which is convenient because we need it to live.
食物是许多人最喜欢的消遣娱乐，也非常方便，因为我们需要食物来生存。
But what would happen to you and your body if you were to completely stop eating food,right now?
但是，如果你立即完全停止吃东西，那么你和你的身体会发生什么情况呢？
In the first 6 hours, all is fairly normal.Your body begins to break down glycogen - which stores energy in your body - into glucose,which your cells use as fuel. Around 25% of energy generated this way is used for your brain alone, while the rest goes to muscle tissues and red blood cells. But after about 6 hours to is method of energy production halts as the glycogen stores deplete, which can lead to the notorious ‘hangry’ or hungry and angry feeling that many of us know too well. At this point [6-72 hours] your body enters a state called ketosis as it begins to fast or starve. Because there is very little glucose in your blood, your body must begin to break down fat for energy. This fat is in turn broken down into fatty acids. However, your brain cannot use long chain fatty acids which...is a problem! Because there is no more glucose and the fats are too large to cross the blood-brain barrier, your brain changes modes and begins to use ketone bodies for energy, which are short-chain derivatives of fatty acids. This works for the time being, but ultimately only 75% of the brain's energy requirements can come from ketones - it still needs glucose! Which means your cognitive functioning becomes impaired.
最初的六个小时，一切正常。你的身体开始分解在体内存储能量肝糖——分解为葡萄糖，细胞将葡萄糖用作燃料。通过这种方法生成的大约25%的热量用于大脑，其他热量用于肌肉组织和红细胞。但是六小时以后，这种能量生成方式逐渐停止，因为肝糖储备枯竭，会导致明显的饥饿和愤怒感，我们许多人都非常能够理解这一点。在这时候（6至72小时内），你的身体进入一个叫做“酮症”的状态，身体开始感到饥饿。因为血液中已经几乎没有葡萄糖，你的身体开始分解脂肪作为能量。脂肪分解为脂肪酸。然而，你的大脑不能利用长链脂肪酸，这是一个问题！因为没有更多葡萄糖了，而脂肪颗粒太大，无法通过血液和大脑之间的屏障，你的大脑开始改变模式，使用酮体生成能量，这是一种短链脂肪酸的衍生物。这种方法暂时有效，但是最终，大脑所需能量的75%难以从酮中获得能量——它仍然需要葡萄糖！这意味着认知功能受到损坏。
Now, it’s important to mention that you don’t have to be starving to be in ketosis.
现在，我们必须提一下，你不一定感到非常饥饿才进入“酮症”状态。
Many people enter this phase if they are on a low-carb diet, or professional athletes who use all their carbs for an extended period of time - like marathon runners - will be in this state as well.
如果人的饮食碳水化合物含量很低时也会进入这一阶段。或者长期食用所有碳水化合物用于训练的专业运动员，比如马拉松运动员，也会进入这种状态。
However, beyond 72 hours, not only will your mood and energy suffer, but your brain will start to break down your body’s own protein. The proteins release amino acids which can be converted into glucose - which is great news for your brain, but bad news for your body. Basically, youre body is cannibalizing itself by destroying your muscle mass. In women, undernutrition often shuts down the menstrual cycle as the body tries to reduce energy expenditure. Bone density diminishes, and both men and women may experience loss of libido.
然而，72小时后，不仅你的情绪和能量会受到影响，你的大脑也会开始身体的蛋白质。这些蛋白质会释放出氨基酸，可以转化为葡萄糖——这对你的大脑来说是好消息，但是对身体来说是消息。从根本上来说，你的身体通过破坏自身的肌肉群来自残。在女性中，营养不良通常会封闭月经周期，因为身体试图减少能量消耗。骨密度也减小，男性和女性都会遭遇性欲减退。
Within a few weeks, the body’s immune system will be so weakened without any vitamins or minerals, that many will die from disease. Otherwise, it will continue to use up all energy sources until there is no glucose, fat, tissue, or muscle mass left.
几周内，身体免疫系统减弱，没有任何维他命和矿物质，许多人会死于疾病。否则，会继续耗光所有能量源，直到没有任何葡萄糖，脂肪，组织或者肌肉群。
One of the more common causes of death is cardiac arrhythmia or heart attack, due to the tissue degradation in the heart diaphragm and body. This is fairly common in those suffering from anorexia. Of course, the body experiences severe organ failure all around.
造成死亡更常见的原因之一就是心律失常或心脏病，因为心脏隔膜和身体组织退化。在厌食症患者中，这更为常见，身体遭遇严重的器官衰竭。
Starvation can lead to death in as short as three weeks, or up to 70 days as documented during the Irish Hunger Strikes in 1981. Though the duration of survival is greatly influenced by how hydrated you are and the amount of fat reserves your body has. Which in some ways is incredible - that the body can sustain
for so long with no food.
饥饿会导致三周内出现死亡，或者1981年爱尔兰饥饿抗议活动记录到的70天。然而，生存时限受到补水情况和身体脂肪含量的显著影响。这是有些难以置信的，身体很长时间内没有进食还可以存活下来。
And yet, approximately 795 million people around the world have to deal with this reality.
是的，全世界大约7.95亿人必须面临这样的现实。
The good news is that the 7 richest countries have pledged to lift 500 million people out of hunger and malnutrition by 2030 - but we need to hold them accountable. We’re working with an organization called Global Citizen to do just that, and here’s a really easy way you can help too!
好消息是，世界上7个最富裕的国家承诺2030年以前帮助5亿人摆脱饥饿和营养不良——但是我们必须让他们为此负责。我们正与一个叫做“全球公民”的组织合作，你也可以献出自己的爱心。
