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East Cemetery
清东陵
East Cemetery situated at the foot of Mt Changrui,west of Malanyu,Zunhua City,Hebei Province,125km from Beijing in the west,and 150km from Tianjin in the south.
东公墓坐落在河北省遵化市马兰峪以西的昌瑞山山脚下,离西面的北京125公里,并距南面的天津150公里。
It is the largest of the three,surrounded by scenery hills around, 125km long from south to north,and 20km wide from west to east,occupying totally 2 500km2.
它是三个中最大的,四面被山包围,从南到北长125公里,从西到东宽20公里,占地500平方公里。
The construction started in 1661 and ended 247 years later in 1908.
建设始于1661年,结束于247年之后的1908年。
Altogether 15 mausoleums were built here,5 of emperors,4 of empresses,5 of concubines,and the one for a princess east of Malanyu.
这里共建造了15个陵墓,5个皇帝的、4个皇后的， 5个嫔妃的,马兰峪东面有一个公主的。
Their placement observed the principles；the emperor’s as the center,the empresses’ and the concubines’at the side in order of their ranks,161 tombs in total.
它们的位置遵循皇帝的在中心,皇后和嫔妃的根据她们的级别排列在两边的原则,总计有161座古墓。
East Cemetery is the largest of the existing imperial graveyards in China,harmonious and integraled with the natural environment to provide a beautiful scene for the world.
清东陵是中国现有皇家墓地最大的,与自然环境和谐，为世界提供了一个美丽的场景。
But the most grandiose two,Yu Mausoleum and East Ding Mausoleum,were blasted open and seriously damaged by troops of warlord Sun Dian-ying in 1928.
但最宏大的两个,裕陵和普祥峪定东陵,于1928年被军阀孙殿英的军队炮轰过和遭受到严重的损坏。
