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spur
【考法 1】 n. 刺激物： something that arouses action or activity
【例】 The threat of losing its only sports franchise was the spur the city council needed to finally do something about the rising crime rate. 有可能失去唯一的体育赛事举办权带来的威胁，成为了刺激市政府决定就攀升的犯罪率采取相关措施的因素。
【近】 boost, catalyst, impetus, incentive, incitement, instigation, momentum, motivation, provocation, stimulus
【反】 deterrent, disincentive 阻碍物
【考法 2】 n. 支撑物： a structure that holds up or serves as a foundation for something else
【例】 a weak wall that might need a spur 一面或许需要支撑的墙
【近】 brace, buttress, mount, prop, reinforcement, shore, underpinning
【考法 3】 vt. 刺激，激励： to incite or stimulate
【例】 Appreciation spurred his ambition. 赞扬激起了他的雄心壮志。
【近】 arouse, excite, exhort, goad, instigate, prod, stir, urge
【反】 bridle, check, constrain, curb, deter, fetter, hamper, inhibit, manacle, shackle 制止，阻碍
spurious
【考法 1】 adj. 假的，伪造的： lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine
【例】 In statistics, a spurious relationship is a mathematical relationship in which two events or variables have no direct causal connection, but it may be wrongly inferred that they do, due to either coincidence or the presence of a certain third, unseen factor. 在统计学中，“伪相关关系”是两个不存在因果关联的事件或变量，因为巧合或是不可见的第三方因素，而被误判为存在因果联系的关系。
【近】 apocryphal, bogus, counterfeit, fake, forged, phony, sham
【反】 authentic, bona fide, genuine, real 真实的
【派】 spuriously adv. 伪造地，虚假地
spurn
【考法 1】 vt. 摈弃，拒绝： to reject with disdain or contempt
【例】 spurned his recommendation 拒绝了他的推荐‖Fiercely independent, the elderly couple spurned all offers of financial help. 这对老夫妻极其独立，回绝了所有经济上援助。
【近】 decline, disapprove, negative, refuse, reject, reprobate, repudiate
【反】 accede, accept, agree, approve, assent, consent, embrace 同意，接受
【派】 spurned adj. 被摒弃的，被拒绝的
squabble
【考法 1】 n. 口角，小争吵： a noisy quarrel, usually about a trivial matter
【例】 a brief squabble over what to do next 关于接下来该做什么的争吵
【近】 altercation, argument, controversy, disagreement, dispute, imbroglio, quarrel, riff, spat, skirmish, wrangle
【反】 harmony 和谐
squalid
【考法 1】 adj. 污秽的，肮脏的： dirty and wretched
【例】 The migrants have been living in squalid conditions. 移民们一直居住在肮脏的条件下。
【近】 black, dirty, filthy, foul, impure, nasty, slipshod, slovenly, unclean
【反】 clean, immaculate, spotless, unsoiled, unsullied 干净的
【考法 2】 adj. 道德败坏的： morally repulsive
【例】 the squalid atmosphere of intrigue and betrayal 充满了阴谋与背叛的不正之风
【近】 base, despicable, ignoble, scurvy, sordid, vile, wretched
【反】 moral, noble 品格高尚的
squall
【考法 1】 n. （通常伴随着雨或雪的）风暴，暴风雪： a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often accompanied by rain or snow
【例】 A snow squall is expected tonight. 今晚预计有暴风雪。
【近】 blizzard, hailstorm, snowstorm, tempest
【考法 2】 vt. 尖叫： to scream or cry loudly and harshly
【例】 The baby squalled in pain. 婴儿因为疼痛而大叫。
【近】 cry, howl, screech, shout, shriek, shrill, squeal, thunder, yelp, yell
【反】 murmur, mutter, whisper 低声细语
squander
【考法 1】 vt. 使分散： to cause (members of a group) to move widely apart
【例】 A single blast of the shotgun squandered the herd of deer. 猎枪的一声枪响让鹿群四处逃窜。
【近】 disband, dispel, disperse
【反】 assemble, cluster, collect, concentrate, congregate, gather, ingather 使聚集，使集中
【考法 2】 vt. 浪费： to spend wastefully or extravagantly
【例】 He squandered his inheritance on women and gambling. 他把他继承的遗产浪费在女人和赌博上。
【近】 blow, dissipate, fritter, lavish, misspend, waste
【反】 conserve, husband 节约，节俭
【派】 squandering adj. 浪费的
squat
【考法 1】 adj. 又矮又胖的： being compact and broad in build and often short in stature
【例】 a squat but adroit craftsman 一个又胖又矮，但是手艺灵巧的工匠
【近】 chunky, dumpy, heavyset, squatty, stocky, stout, stubby, stumpy, thickset
【反】 gangling, lanky 瘦高的
squint
【考法 1】 vt. 斜视，睥睨： to look or glance sideways
【例】 The driver squinted as the sun hit his windshield. 阳光使得驾驶员不得不把眼睛偏向一边
【近】 leer
【反】 gaze, goggle 直视
squelch
【考法 1】 vt. 压制，镇压（运动）： to put a stop to (something) by the use of force
【例】 The authority tried to squelch the workers’ protest. 政府试图镇压工人的游行。
【近】 crush, muffle, quell, repress, squash, subdue, suppress, crack down
【反】 abet, aid, assist, back, help, support, prop up 支持，帮助
【考法 2】 vt. 击溃，使无言以对： to put down or silence, as with a crushing retort
【例】 His irritated glare squelched any other potential objectors. 他怒目而视，使得其他的反对者都不敢说话。
【近】 dumb, extinguish, mute, quiet, settle, still, shut up
【反】 foment, incite, instigate, provoke, stir 激发，激起
【派】 squelcher n. 镇压者
vt. 煽动，引发，[医]热敷
