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希腊为何有那么多债务
Greece is currently about 400 billion dollars in debt. That’s about 170% of their annual Gross Domestic Product. Over the next 50 years they are scheduled to repay that debt. But with the economy in shambles, many experts wonder if that goal is really attainable. But how did Greece end up with so much debt in the first place? And to whom, specifically, does Greece owe money?
希腊目前负债大约4000亿。这是其国内生产总值的1.7倍。他们计划在未来50年的时间内偿还这些债务。但是由于经济崩溃，许多专家怀疑这一目标是否能够实现。问题是，希腊为何欠了这么多债务？他们的债权人是谁？
Greece became somewhat politically and economically unstable back in the 1970s after an attempted government coup. Nevertheless, after a profit spike in the 1990s, they met the fiscal requirements to join the Eurozone, in the year 2000. This event inextricably tied Greece to stronger economies like Germany and France, and allowed Grecians more access to low-interest loans. So, public spending and government borrowing soared, even as Greece’s debt remained higher than the Eurozone average in the 2000s.
上世纪70年代，一场军事政变阴谋之后，希腊在政治和经济方面开始动荡。然而，90年代经历了利润飙升之后，2000年，希腊达到了加入欧盟的财政标准，使希腊不可避免地与德国，法国等更强大的经济体联系起来，让希腊人获得了更多低利率贷款。所以，公共支出和政府借贷大幅增加，2000年以后，希腊的债务仍然高于欧盟平均水平。
When the international Recession of 2008 hit, Greece spiraled into a debt crisis. To make matters worse, in 2009, it was revealed that Greece had been falsifying reports on their debt for years. When the real statistics were exposed, their national credit rating took a plunge,which in turn, caused investors to jack up interest rates. Greece has been on the brink of bankruptcy ever since. German Chancellor Angela Merkel later said that “[Europe] should not have accepted Greece into the eurozone”.
2008年全球经济衰退来袭，希腊陷入债务危机。让形势更加糟糕的是，2009年，据披露希腊多年来债务报告造假。真实的数据暴露之后，他们的国家信誉评级大幅下滑，导致投资者提高利率。自那时以来，希腊面临破产的危险。德国总理默克尔随后表示，欧洲原本不应该接纳希腊加入欧元区。
Out of the roughly 320 billion dollars in bailout money that Greece must eventually pay back, most of it, or about 47%, is due to the European Financial Stability Facility.
在希腊必须偿还的大约3200亿美元救助款之中，其中大部分，或者47%，是欠欧洲金融稳定基金的。
This is a temporary organization created by Eurozone members to pool money together and help stabilize member countries in crisis. Greece, Portugal and Ireland are the primary recipients of the EFSF. 19% of Greece’s debt is held by other Eurozone Governments. Another 12% is held by private investors. And the rest - about 22% - is held by the European Central Bank, the International Monetary Fund and “treasury bill holders”,who are primarily Greek banks.
这是欧元区成员国成立的临时组织，旨在筹集资金，帮助稳定陷入危机的成员国。希腊，葡萄牙和爱尔兰是EFSF最早的受领者。希腊债务19%的债权归欧元区其他政府所有。另外12%由私有投资者所有。剩余的大约22%由欧洲中央银行，国际货币基金组织和国库券持有者所有，主要是希腊银行。
Yet, after all the financial help, Greece remains in trouble. The unemployment rate for those aged 15 to 24 is at 55%. Further, budget cuts are so unpopular that they have led to riots and protests. Meanwhile Greece and other European Governments are locked in heated dispute as to whether Greece should or even COULD make more financial reforms.
然而，尽管接受了诸多财政帮助，希腊仍然没有摆脱困境。15岁至24岁之间年轻人的失业率高达55%。此外，预算削减非常不受民众欢迎，导致暴动和抗议活动。与此同时，希腊和其他欧洲政府激烈争论希腊是否或者能否进行更多财政改革。
Germany, and France, who have invested nearly 115 billion dollars in the country, don’t want to see Greece default on its debt, but they are also refusing to give Greece another bailout.
在希腊投资近1150亿美元的德国和法国不想看到希腊债务违约，但是他们也拒绝再次为希腊提供救助。
During the next half century, Greece needs to stimulate its economy while decreasing government spending. In the end, most experts agree that Greece will not be allowed to go bankrupt. The financial loss for other Western countries, including the United States, would be too great, and could potentially create another international recession.
未来半个世纪，希腊需要刺激经济发展，同时削减政府支出。最终，大部分专家赞同国际社会不允许希腊破产。包括美国在内的其他西方国家的财政损失将会非常巨大，可能会导致又一场国际经济衰退。
