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belligerent .
【考法 1】 adj. 好斗的，好战的： inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness, hostility, or combativeness
【例】 The coach became quite belligerent and spit at an umpire after being thrown out of the game. 教练变得好斗起来，以至于在被罚出场外之后转身向裁判吐口水。
【近】 aggressive, agonistic, assaultive, bellicose, combative, contentious, disputatious, feisty, gladiatorial, militant, pugnacious, quarrelsome, truculent, warlike
【反】 dove, pacific, peaceful 爱好和平的
【派】 belligerence n. 好战，好斗
beset .
【考法 1】 vt. 使苦恼，骚扰： to cause persistent suffering to
【例】 He has been beset by a lack of self-confidence virtually his entire life. 事实上他的一生都在被缺乏自信所困扰。
【近】 agonize, anguish, bedevil, besiege, curse, excruciate, harrow, persecute, plague, rack, torment, torture
【反】 comfort, console, solace, soothe 安抚，安慰
【考法 2】 vt. 攻击，袭击： to set upon
【例】 The settlers were beset by savages. 定居者们遭到了野蛮人的袭击。‖The unsuspecting tourists were suddenly beset by robbers. 丝毫没有准备的游客遭到了歹徒的突然袭击。
【近】 assail, assault, attack, charge, raid, rush, storm, strike, set on
【反】 defend, guard, protect, shield 防御，守卫
blackmail .
【考法 1】 n./vi. 敲诈，勒索： extortion of money or something else of value from a person by the threat of exposing a criminal act or discreditable information
【例】 It looks like these pornographic pictures were being used for blackmail. 看起来有人用这些不雅照进行敲诈勒索。
【近】 extortion
bluff .
【考法 1】 adj. 直率的，（说话）直截了当的： being or characterized by direct, brief, and potentially rude speech or manner
【例】 Frankly speaking, he is a bluff but good-hearted teacher. 老实说，这个老师说话很直率，但是心地善良。
【近】 abrupt, brusque, crusty, curt, downright, forthright, snippy, straightforward, unceremonious
【反】 circuitous, mealy-mouthed （说话）拐弯抹角的
【考法 2】 vt. 欺骗： to cause to believe what is untrue; deceive
【例】 I successfully bluffed the interviewer into believing that I could really speak French and thus would be the perfect person to serve in the newspaper's Paris bureau. 我成功地欺骗了面试官，让他相信我会法语，从而成为报社在巴黎办事处的不二人选。
【近】 bamboozle, beguile, cozen, deceive, delude, dupe, fool, hoax, misguide, misinform, mislead, trick
【反】 disabuse, disenchant, disillusion 使清醒
brim .
【考法 1】 n. 边缘，边界： an upper or outer margin
【例】 The brim of the teacup was banded with gold. 茶杯的边缘被镀上了金。
【近】 borderline, bound, boundary, circumference, confines, edge, frame, fringe, margin, perimeter, periphery, skirt, verge
【反】 center, core, heart, kernel 核心
【考法 2】 vi. 充满： to be or become full often to overflowing
【例】 a secondhand bookstore that was brimming with bargains 一个到处都是减价品的二手书店‖eyes brimming with tears 饱含热泪的双眼
【近】 bristle, bulge, burst, bustle, buzz, crawl, hum, overflow, pullulate, swarm, teem
【反】 lack, need, want 缺少，缺乏
【考法 3】 vt. 加满，倒满： to put into (something) as much as can be held or contained
【例】 He brimmed the glass with milk, and now I'm afraid that I will spill it. 他向杯子里倒了太多牛奶，我现在担心会不会洒出来。
【近】 charge, cram, heap, jam, load, pack, stuff
【反】 clear, empty, evacuate, vacate, void 清空
calamity .
【考法 1】 n. 大灾难： a disastrous event marked by great loss and lasting distress and suffering
【例】 This latest breakdown of the car is inconvenient, but not a calamity. 最近的汽车抛锚确实带来了不便，但还不是一场灾难。‖an economic calamity 金融风暴
【近】 apocalypse, cataclysm, catastrophe, debacle, disaster, tragedy
【反】 benediction, boon, felicity, godsend, manna, windfall 天赐好运，幸事
calculated .
【考法 1】 adj. 经过计算（成败得失）的，经过深思熟虑的： engaged in, undertaken, or displayed after reckoning or estimating the statistical probability of success or failure
【例】 He took a calculated risk and got in on the ground floor of the new enterprise. 他深思熟虑一番之后决定冒这个险，踏出了迈向新计划的第一步。
【近】 advised, considered, deliberate, knowing, measured, reasoned, studied, thoughtful, weighed
【反】 automatic, casual, instinctive, spontaneous, unstudied 随意的，不假思索的
captious .
【考法 1】 adj. 吹毛求疵的，爱挑毛病的： marked by an often ill-natured inclination to stress faults and raise objections
【例】 a captious and cranky eater who has never met a vegetable he didn't hate 一个古怪又挑剔的食客，从来就没有他不讨厌的蔬菜
【近】 carping, caviling, critical, faultfinding, hypercritical, judgmental, overcritical
【反】 appreciative 表示欣赏的
cellular
【考法 1】 adj. 多孔的： containing cavities; having a porous texture
【例】 the cellular construction of a beehive 蜂巢的多孔结构
【近】 porous
ceremonious
【考法 1】 adj. 讲究礼节的，庄重的： marked by or showing careful attention to set forms and details
【例】 A century ago everyday life was much more ceremonious than in our anything-goes era. 一个世纪之前的生活和我们现在这个随便怎么都无所谓的年代相比，多出了许多要讲究的礼节。
【近】 correct, decorous, formal, nice, proper, punctilious, starchy, stiff, stilted
【反】 casual, easygoing, informal, unceremonious 随意的，不正式的
n. 苦闷，痛苦
v. 使 ... 极苦闷，使
