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Exploiting the civil war in England and making an alliance with De Montfort,
借英格兰内战之机 以及与德·蒙德福特的结盟
Llywelyn's armies overran the now undefended centre.
卢埃林的军队占领了防守薄弱的中部地区
But he then overreached himself,marrying De Montfort's daughter,
但随后他便得意忘形 迎娶了德·蒙德福特的女儿
an offence Edward was unlikely to forgive or to forget.
这样的冒犯是爱德华不能宽恕和忘怀的
Years later, Llywelyn handed Edward the perfect pretext for retribution.
几年后 卢埃林就给了爱德华 一个报复的机会
He failed to show up at Edward's coronation and ignored a total of five summonses to pay homage to his new King.
他未出席爱德华的加冕礼 并且总共无视了五次传唤 拒不觐见新国王
Edward, who needed no tutorials on the connection between ceremonies and power,
爱德华深知 朝臣礼仪象征着王权统治力
immediately took this as a slap in the face,an act of virtual rebellion.
他视此为一种羞辱 形同谋反
In 1276, a huge army, the biggest seen in Britain since the the Norman Conquest
1276年 自诺曼征服战之后 不列颠规模最大的军队
invaded Gwynedd, penetrating right to its furthest corners,to Snowdonia and to Anglesey.
入侵了格温内思 长驱直入其疆界最远端 到达斯诺登地区和安格西岛
Faced with this invasion, Llywelyn was forced to surrender.
面对强敌压境 卢埃林不得不屈膝称臣
But, as so often in these years,humiliation bred defiance.
但正如这些年一再重演的历史一样 屈辱最终会酝酿出反抗
In 1282, the Welsh launched a surprise attack on an English garrison,
1282年 威尔士人 对英格兰驻军发动了一次突袭
Edward now bore down again with an even bigger army,
爱德华派遣了更大规模的军队进行镇压
but this campaign was far from being a walkover.
但这场战争绝非想象中那样轻易
