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In their different ways, all these people were or thought they were - up-and-comers.
通过各种方法 这些人成为 或以为自己成为 新兴阶层
They would fight, if necessary, to prevent themselves from sinking into the down-and-outers.
如果必要 他们会奋起抗争 避免再次陷入穷困潦倒
Was this a class war, then a phrase we're not supposed to use since the official burial of Marxism?Yes, it was.
这是一场阶级战争吗 自马克思主义名存实亡 阶级战争这词也几乎湮灭 但这确实就是
The suspicion among in village England was that the real power behind the throne
英国民众怀疑 王位真正的操纵者
John of Gaunt, the Queen Mother, the Chancellor were gathering in fresh taxes,
冈特的约翰 太后 财政大臣 征收的新税款
not to finance a patriotic war in France,but to lavish on their own palaces and private estates.
并未用于保卫国家 征讨法国 而是用于修建奢侈的宫殿和豪宅
So when, in November 1380,parliament approved a new poll tax,
所以 当1380年11月 议会通过征收一项新的人头税
one which for the first time took no account of individual wealth,
史上第一次 按人头收税 完全不考虑财富差距
the yeomen farmers must have imagined the awful prospect of all their hard-won gains being snatched back by a greedy government.
自耕农们想到了可能面对的可怕前景: 他们来之不易的利益 会被贪婪的政府攫取
There was outrage, bloody-minded fury and mass evasion,which quickly escalated into outright rebellion.
强烈的愤怒和不满 迅速升级为暴力反抗
Tax collectors and sheriff's men were attacked, a few killed.
收税人和司法人员 被攻击 甚至被杀死
In Maidstone, they elected Wat Tyler,a yeoman craftsman, as their general and captain,
在梅德斯通 人们推举瓦特·泰勒 一名工匠 做为他们的领袖
and freed a Lollard anti-cleric called John Ball,who'd been imprisoned in the bishop's palace.
释放了被关押在主教宫殿的 罗拉德派反教会牧师约翰·保尔
