3-8. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine.

【译文】

当地的那些小旅馆一般都肮脏且跳蚤猖獗。单调的食物是当地乳酪配以常常已放了一年之久的面包，人们就着劣酒吞下这种食物。

【讲解】

as there were作定语从句修饰inns，as乃关系代词。the food simply…中food和simply中间，all与washed中间都省略了was。请注意，在几个并列分句中，第一个分句中用了be，后面分句中的be可以省略，

例如：
There are two requisites in interpretation：one is accuracy and the other（is）expressiveness.
口译要求有二：准确和明晰。

accompanied by bread often twelve months old是过去分词短语，作cheese的定语。often twelve months old作定语，修饰bread。

【单词和短语】

accompany：伴随，和……一起发生（to happen or exist at the same time as something else），

例如:
fever accompanied with delirium伴有昏迷的发烧

3-9. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could—sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.

【译文】

山谷里常没有小旅馆，登山者只好随遇而安——或与当地牧师（他们通常和其教区居民一样穷）住在一起，或与牧羊人或制乳酪者住在一起。

【讲解】

wherever they could作地点状语，修饰found。could后省略了find shelter。sometimes with两词之间省略了they found shelter。found shelter with…与……住在一起，这里的破折号引出被强调的部分。

【单词和短语】

boast：以拥有……而自豪（if a place, object, or organization boasts something, it has something that is very good），

例如：
A fishing village 30 years ago, it now boasts 150 major hotels.
那地方30年前还是个渔村，现已为拥有150家大宾馆而自豪。

3-10. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable.

【译文】

这些山村的基调总是一样的：肮且穷，极不舒适。

【讲解】

same后的冒号引出同位语。dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable作the same的同位语。

【单词和短语】

invariable: 始终如一的，恒定不变的（always happening in the same way, at the same time etc.），

例如：
It’s my invariable habit to take a nap.
睡午觉是我的老习惯。
invariably是invariable的副词形式。

3-11. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.

【译文】

对过惯了在家里一餐吃七道菜、睡亚麻细布床单的的人来说，到阿尔卑斯山所带来的变化想来一定太难熬了。

【讲解】

accustomed to…at home作定语修饰men。

【单词和短语】

be accustomed to（doing/do）something：习惯于做某事（to be familiar with something and accept it as normal），

例如：
We are accustomed to working/work hard.
我们习惯于努力工作。

My eyes soon grew accustomed to the darkness.
我的双眼很快适应了黑暗。

course：（一）道（菜）（one of the separate parts of a meal），例如：

The first course was soup.
第一道是汤。