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美国人的肢体语言

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Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about: space. Every person perceives himself to have a sort of invisible shield surrounding his physical body. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he bumps into someone, he feels obligated to apologize. But the size of a person's "comfort zone" varies, depending on his cultural or ethnic origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart. In other words, they like to keep each other "at arm's length." People in Latin or Arab cultures, in contrast, stand very close to each other, and touch each other often. If someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an American while in conversation, the American may feel uncomfortable and back away.

另一个非语言沟通的文化层面可能是你不会想到的东西:空间距离。每一个人都会假想在自己身体四周有一种隐形的盾牌。当有人太靠近时,他会觉得不舒服。而当他不小心撞到别人时,他会觉得非道歉不可。但是每个人的「舒服区」的大小各有不同,这与其文化或种族有关。例如,在闲谈时,许多美国人维持着大约四呎远的距离。也就是说,他们喜欢让彼此保持一只手臂的距离。而相反的,拉丁或是阿拉伯文化的人,彼此站得很近,他常互相碰触。假如一个来自于这些文化的人在谈话时站得太靠近美国人,那个美国人会觉得不舒服,而退后一步。

When Americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying. To Americans, polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust, shock or sadness. People with a "poker face," whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression, are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening, Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn't look you in the eye, Americans might say you should question his motives-or assume that he doesn't like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring-especially at strangers-to be rude.

当美国人在谈话时,他们期望别人对其所讲的有所响应。对他们来说,有礼貌的谈话者应该靠着表示出惊喜、讨厌、吃惊或悲哀的表情来与别人心领神会。那种带着一张「扑克脸孔」的人,他的情绪隐藏于毫无表情的面容下,会被别人以怀疑的眼光看待。美国人在谈话中也会以扬眉、点头、有礼貌的微笑以及保持适度的目光接触来表示他们的注意。然而某些文化的人认为直接的凝视是不礼貌而具有威胁感的;美国人认为这是一个真挚诚恳的表征。假如一个人不用正眼看你,美国人可能会觉得,你应该要对他的动机起疑,或者假设他不喜欢你。即使目光接触有其利害关系,美国人也是认为瞪着眼睛看人--特别是对陌生人--是不礼貌的。

Considering the influence of nonverbal communication, we never really stop communicating. How we walk, how we stand, how we use our hands, how we position our bodies, how we show emotions-all send a message to others. That's why it's possible, as the saying goes, to "read someone like a book." And if you read the person right, as the boy and girl in the crowded room later discovered, it just might turn into a love story.

想到非语言沟通的影响范围,我们其实从未真的停止沟通过。我们如何走路、站立、如何用双手、如何举手投足、如何表现情绪,都发送出一个讯息。这也就是为什么可以做到像俗语所说的:「看一个人像读一本书一样。」假如你看懂了一个人,就像在那拥挤房间中的男孩及女孩后来发现的一样,也许就会变成一个爱的故事。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
thumb [θʌm]

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n. 拇指
v. 翻阅,示意要求搭车

 
comfort ['kʌmfət]

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n. 舒适,安逸,安慰,慰藉
vt. 安慰,使

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honesty ['ɔnisti]

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n. 诚实,正直

 
disgust [dis'gʌst]

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n. 厌恶,嫌恶
v. 令人厌恶

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embarrassed [im'bærəst]

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adj. 尴尬的,局促不安的,拮据的

 
contrast ['kɔntræst,kən'træst]

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n. 差别,对比,对照物
v. 对比,成对照<

 
communicate [kə'mju:nikeit]

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v. 交流,传达,沟通

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uncomfortable [ʌn'kʌmftəbl]

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adj. 不舒服的,不自在的

 
suspicion [səs'piʃən]

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n. 猜疑,怀疑

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vulgarity [vʌl'gæriti]

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n. 粗俗,粗鄙,卑俗性

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