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Chinese health officials on Tuesday called for additional reform of China's health-care system amid mounting costs, problems at public hospitals and a surge of patients with chronic diseases.
面对医疗成本日益上涨、公立医院的问题越来越多以及慢性病患者激增，中国卫生官员周二呼吁进一步改革中国医疗系统。
The call highlights the challenges the Chinese government faces even after overhauling its health-care system over the past several years. Leaders of the world's most populous country are spending billions of dollars each year to improve health care and cover costs, yet there is no correlation between the heightened spending and the health of the country's citizens, said Lei Haichao, the deputy director general of the Beijing Health Bureau, at a conference Tuesday to discuss the future direction of health care in China.
他们的呼吁凸显出中国政府在过去几年改革医疗系统之后仍然面临的诸多挑战。中国是世界上人口最多的国家，中国领导人每年花费数十亿美元用于改善医疗、负担费用，但北京市卫生局副局长雷海潮在周二一个讨论中国卫生事业未来方向的论坛上说，大力投入与国民健康之间没有联系。
Health experts say China has now caught up to speed with, and even exceeded, the lifestyle-related health problems of more developed countries, and doesn't have sufficient measures in place to prevent diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer, which are costly to treat.
卫生专家说，中国与生活方式有关的健康问题已经赶上、甚至超过了更发达的国家，目前还没有采取足够措施预防治疗成本高昂的心脏病、糖尿病和癌症等疾病。
The country is struggling to deal with a population that is urbanizing, aging and is afflicted with chronic diseases, said Wang Linhong, the executive deputy director of the chronic-disease arm of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Ms. Wang said further measures by central authorities should include efforts to improve education, doctor training and access to routine screening.
中国疾病预防控制中心慢病中心常务副主任王临虹说，中国正在努力应对人口城市化和老龄化问题，并且深受慢性病困扰。她说，中央政府部门采取的进一步措施应包括普及常识、增加医生培训、方便民众定期检查等。
Out of every 100 deaths in China, 85 are now caused by chronic diseases, according to China's Ministry of Health. By comparison, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the rate is 70 per 100 in the U.S., while the World Health Organization says they represent 63% of deaths world-wide. Chinese health officials blamed the country's high rate on smoking, diets that increasingly feature fat and fast food and the prevalence of salt in local cuisine.
中国卫生部数据显示，在中国每死亡100人，就有85人是因慢性病而死。相比之下，美国疾病控制与预防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)说，美国慢性病致死比例为70%，而世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)说，全球范围内这个比例是63%。中国卫生官员将本国的高比例归因于吸烟、饮食结构中高脂肪食物和快餐越来越多，以及中餐里面普遍使用食盐。
'The burden is getting too heavy,' said Mr. Lei, adding that senior officials will need to create new reforms to deal with the problems.
雷海潮说，负担太重了。他还说，高层领导应该拿出应对这些问题的新改革方案。
The call for change comes as China's leaders are still patting themselves on the back for having recently completed a three-year overhaul of the nation's health-care system. The $125 billion effort included expanded health-insurance coverage to 95% of Chinese, the opening of new hospitals around the country and expanded primary-care facilities.
在他们发出这一呼吁的时候，中国领导人还在为刚刚完成一场为时三年的医改而沾沾自喜。这场医改耗资1,250亿美元，具体措施包括将医保覆盖率扩大到95%，在全国各地设立新医院，以及扩大初级卫生保健体系。
Along with greater access to health care, Chinese have also gained in the last decade greater purchasing power and a change in food consumption and lifestyle. Major causes of death have shifted from infectious diseases and diet-related deficiencies to hypertension and obesity. More than 260 million of the country's citizens suffer from a chronic disease, according to data from China's Ministry of Health. China is now home to one of the world's largest populations of diabetics, according to research from Peking University.
伴随着医疗供给的增加，过去10年中国居民的购买力也已增强，食品消费和生活方式发生了转变。主要死亡原因已从传染病、营养不良变为高血压和肥胖症。中国卫生部的数据表明，超过2.6亿的中国居民患有慢性病。北京大学的研究表明，中国现在是全球患糖尿病人口最多的国家之一。
One of the most critical issues is preventative care, said Michael O'Leary, the China representative of the World Health Organization. More than 80% of government spending on health care goes to covering the cost of chronic diseases, yet less than 2% is allocated toward primary prevention, said Dr. O'Leary.
世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)驻华代表蓝睿明(Michael O'Leary)说，最关键的问题之一是预防保健。蓝睿明说，政府在医疗保健上的开支超过80%用于负担慢性病治疗成本，只有不到2%用于初级预防。
And while health-care systems in countries such as the U.S. and the U.K. are also under pressure from rising costs, China's problems are compounded by its massive population of 1.34 billion.
虽然美英等国卫生保健系统也在承受成本不断上升的压力，但中国人口多达13.4亿，让它的问题雪上加霜。
Some health-care problems are still unique to China, where public hospitals are struggling to remain profitable and have become reliant on selling expensive pharmaceuticals for revenue and to boost the pay of doctors who only get a few hundred dollars from the state, said Yu Dezhi, director general of the Ministry of Health's China National Health Development Research Center.
卫生部卫生发展研究中心主任于德志说，一些医疗问题是中国独有的，比如中国公立医院很难保持盈利，因此依靠销售高价药品来创造收入并提高医生待遇。公立医院医生从政府领取的月收入只有几百美元。
Doctors in China are severely underpaid, yet a mere pay increase won't work in China, said Mr. Yu. 'In many ways, we still are a socialist economy in which all our government workers seek equal pay. If we raise doctor's pay, we'll have to do the same for all,' he said, noting that health officials will need to come up with a way to address the drug-sales issue.
于德志说，中国医生收入过低，但仅仅给他们加薪在中国不能解决问题。他说，从许多方面讲，我们仍然是社会主义经济，所有政府工作人员都要求获得同等待遇，如果提高医生待遇，那就必须给所有人加薪。他指出，卫生系统官员要拿出一个方案解决“以药补医”的问题。
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