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More than 20 nations lack standing armies—and it's not always about pacifism.
20多个国家没有常规军队——但并不总是与和平主义相关
"The pope! How many divisions has he got?" Joseph Stalin is said to have asked derisively with regard to the physical power of the Catholic Church.The Vaticanis one of the rare countries in the world without armed forces. But it's not totally alone. More than 20 other countries lack standing armies.
”教皇！他有多少部门？”据说 JosephStalin被人揶揄天主教势力的问题。梵蒂冈是世界上少有的没有军队的国家。但不是绝无仅有的，还有超过20个国家没有常备军。
The CIA World Factbook lists 22 independent countries that don't have regular military forces—23 if youdecide not to count Vatican City's largely ceremonial Swiss Guard as amilitary. Here they are (sorry, Swiss Guard):
CIA World Factbook 列出了22个没有常规军的国家。如果你不把梵蒂冈城的仪式性的瑞士近卫队作为军队的话，那就是23国没有常规军（对不起啊，瑞士近卫队）。
1. Andorra
安道尔
2. Costa Rica
哥斯达黎加
3.Dominica
多米尼加
4. Grenada
格林纳达
5.Haiti
海地
6. Iceland
冰岛
7. Kiribati
基里巴斯
8. Liechtenstein
列支敦士登
9. Marshall Islands
马绍尔群岛
10.Mauritius
毛里求斯
11.Micronesia
密克罗尼西亚
12.Monaco
摩纳哥
13. Nauru
瑙鲁
14. Palau
帕劳
15. Panama
巴拿马
16. St. Lucia
圣卢西亚
17. St. Vincent and the Grenadines
圣文森特和格林纳丁斯
18.Samoa
萨摩亚
19. San Marino
圣马力诺
20. Solomon Islands
圣马力诺
21.Tuvalu
图瓦卢
22.Vanuatu
瓦努阿图
23.Vatican City
梵蒂冈城
Not entirely by coincidence, these countries include seven of the world's 10 smallest independent countries by land area. "Traditionally (those countries) weren't subject to invasion," explained Peter Stearns,aprofessor who edited the 2013 book Demilitarization in the Contemporary World.Some formerly U.S.-administered territories, like the Marshall Islands and Palau, simply never established militaries after achieving independence.
不完全巧合的是，在世界上陆地面积最小的10个国家当中，这些国家里涵盖了7个。2013年出版《这个世界的非军事化》的Peter Stearns教授解释道：“一般来说这些国家不受侵略”。美国的一些前管辖领土，如马绍尔群岛、帕劳等，获得独立后也不组建军队。
But there's also another set of countries on the list—those that had militaries and thengave them up. Four of them are in Latin America and the Caribbean。Individual demilitarization stories differ. Costa Rica, for example, abolished its military in 1948 at the initiative of then-President José Figueres Ferrer, who, as the Council on Hemispheric Affairs haspointed out, himself came to power "through an armed insurrection"and may have abolished the military "in order to avoid a future potential military coup against him." The armies of Grenadaand Panama, meanwhile, were both abolished in 1983 and 1989, respectively.
但是清单上另有一些国家——有军队随后遣散了。其中四个在拉美和加勒比地区。每一个国家非军事化的故事都不一样。比如哥斯达黎加，1948年在时任总统José Figueres Ferrer的倡议下废除军队。而就像半球事务委员会指出的，他本身是通过“武装起义”获得政权的，他废除军队可能是为了“避免未来潜在的反对他的军事政变。”同时,格林纳达和巴拿马也都分别在1983年和1989年废除了军队。
It's also potentially a cost-effective step. According to the CIA, military expenditures vacuumed up 2.42 percent of global GDP—some $2 trillion—in 2012. If you don't have to pay for an army, why would you?
同样这也是潜在的成本效益举措。根据CIA报告，2012年军事费用占全球GDP的2.42%，大约20亿美金。如果你不是必须为军队买单，你为什么要呢？
