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《权利的游戏》与中国历史的十大雷同之处(下)

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5.Cersei Lannister

5.瑟曦·兰尼斯特

Making her first appearance on this list, Cersei Lannister is one of the most notorious characters in ASOIAF. Cunning, cruel, and manipulative, she is a murderous megalomaniac who, through the course of the series, manages to seize power as Queen Regent over the Seven Kingdoms until her son, King Tommen Baratheon, comes of age. Her rule, detailed in the fourth book of the series entitled A Feast for Crows, is noted for her increasingly erratic and paranoid decisions which ultimately lead to her own arrest and deposition from the throne. Essentially using her son as a puppet, she brings the Seven Kingdoms to the brink of collapse through her own vanity and incompetence.

瑟曦·兰尼斯特第一次出场就是《冰与火之歌》中最臭名昭著的人物了。她是一个狡猾、残忍、操纵欲强的杀人狂魔。运用一系列手段,她越过国王取得实权成为摄政女皇,一直到她的儿子托曼·拜拉席恩成年。在第四本系列著作《群鸦的盛宴》中,对她的政权管理有详细的描述,也正是她越来越古怪偏执的决定,最终导致她的王权被推翻。事实上,是她把儿子当成傀儡,用自己的虚荣心和无能将七大王国带到了崩溃的边缘。

瑟曦·兰尼斯特

Chinese Counterpart: Empress Dowager Cixi

对应中国版:慈禧太后

慈禧太后

The Chinese imperial line survived for 2,132 years. On one end was Qin Shi Huang, the unifier of China and founder of the Qin Dynasty. At the other was the Empress Dowager Cixi. Entering the palace at sixteen years old as a concubine, Cixi became a dowager empress ten years later when her five-year-old son assumed the throne. Her reign was a series of unmitigated disasters. Opposing badly needed reforms, she squelched China's finances with lavish personal excesses such as one incident where she diverted funds for the creation of a modern navy in order to build a lavish lakeside palace (which included a massive marble pavilion shaped like a Mississippi paddle-steamer). Predictably, soon afterwards China's antiquated navy was annihilated by the Japanese. Even worse, she officially sponsored the Boxer Rebellion, an anti-foreigner uprising which Cixi saw as an opportunity to regain control of China from foreign influence. Instead, the Rebellion was squashed by an alliance of Western countries after the Boxers attacked the International Legations in Beijing. In response, the Forbidden City was looted and Cixi had to flee from the capital disguised as a peasant. By the time she returned sixteen months later, China was further in debt to Western powers than ever before. Though she tried to enact last-minute reforms (some of which had been initially suggested by her emperor nephew years earlier, an act of rebellion against Cixi which led to his being arrested and imprisoned on an island), the writing was on the wall. China was incapable of defending itself against warlords and revolutionary groups. Four years after her death the Qing Dynasty collapsed with such force that the 2000+ year imperial line was severed.

中国的皇帝制存在了2132年,由中国的统一者、秦王朝的建立者秦始皇开始,以慈禧太后专制结束。慈禧在16岁时以贵人的身份进宫,十年后她5岁的儿子登上皇位,她便成为了皇太后。她的统治可以说是场噩梦不断的灾难。她挥霍无度,极尽奢华,严重阻碍了极度需要的社会改革。比如有一次,她挪用创建现代化海军的费用来修缮颐和园。可想而知,不久后中国的旧式海军被日军击败。更无语的是,她公开资助义和团,想利用义和团来对抗外国列强以夺回政权。然而,义和团在攻击北京国际公使馆时被西方联盟军打败。于是,紫禁城被洗劫,慈禧不得不打扮成农妇逃离京城。当她重回京城16个月后,中国被西方列强进一步侵占。尽管她试图做最后的改革(尽管其中有些改革措施曾在早年被光绪皇帝提出过,但当初这种行为违背了慈禧旨意,于是他被囚禁到一个小岛上),但这些改革都是纸上谈兵。旧中国敌不过军阀和革命团体。慈禧死后4年,清王朝被军阀和革命团体推翻,两千多年的皇权专制制度也被瓦解。

4.Aegon IV Targaryen

4.伊耿·坦格利安四世

伊耿·坦格利安四世

More popularly referred to as Aegon the Unworthy, Aegon IV Targaryen was known primarily for two things: having an insatiable sexual appetite and siring a great number of bastards. A corrupt and incompetent man, he not only neglected his duties as king, he spent his days and nights having sex with as many women as he wanted. Under his rule, people began to joke that the words of House Targaryen were "Wash her and bring her to my bed." But his worst act as king was the legitimization of many of his bastards on his deathbed, leading to the Blackfyre Rebellion and open civil war in Westeros.

伊耿·坦格利安四世最著名的绰号便是"庸王",而且他的庸腐主要体现在两方面:一个是有极度旺盛的性欲,另一个是私生子众多。这个腐败无能的国王,他一直没有履行自己作为君主的职责,并且终日荒淫无度。在他的统治下,人们开始开玩笑说坦格利安家族的代言是"把她洗干净带到我的床上"。但是他最糟糕的表现是临终前让他众多私生子都成为合法继承者,从而导致了内战——黑火叛乱的发生

Chinese Counterpart: Zhengde Emperor

对应中国版 :正德皇帝

正德皇帝

Even Aegon the Unworthy might have told the Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhengde to tone things down when it came to his sexual pursuits. He decreed that his inner palace as well as his occasional places of residence by permanently staffed with "a substantial number of serving-women." Many of these women were taken unwillingly from the general population via draft campaigns. Even worse, Zhengde was either incapable or uninterested in maintaining his massive harems. Many of them died of hunger and illness every day. Also like Aegon the Unworthy, his death led to a crisis of succession. But unlike Aegon, the crisis was caused by his having no legitimate heirs.

也许对于伊耿来说,他的荒淫史跟明朝正德皇帝朱厚照比起来算是小巫见大巫了。正德下令将内殿和行宫都永久配备大量侍寝女子。这些女子大多是从寻常百姓家经过强行挑选而侍奉皇帝的。更糟糕的是,正德要么是无力管辖,要么是对保护他庞大的后宫佳丽没有兴趣,在这种情况下,每天都会有后宫女子饿死或者病死。跟伊耿相同的是,他的死也带来了王位争夺战,但是不同的是他属于后继无人型。

3.Joffrey Baratheon

3.乔佛里·拜拉席恩

乔佛里·拜拉席恩

Oh yes, Chinese history has its very own Joffrey Baratheon. That's quite a claim considering that Joffrey is one of the most despised and hated characters not only in ASOIAF but in all of modern fiction. He has a stunning laundry list of abuses and atrocities to his name including, but not limited to: the murder of Eddard Stark (an act which leads to Robb Stark declaring himself King in the North and waging open war on the Iron Throne), the frequent humiliation and torture of Sansa Stark, the gleeful murder of starving townsfolk, and the abuse of his uncle Tyrion Lannister. He was finally murdered via poisoned wine during his wedding feast to Margaery Tyrell. He was mourned by nobody save his mother Cersei.

当然,中国历史上也有自己的乔佛里·拜拉席恩。这充分说明不仅在小说《冰与火之歌》中,几乎在所有的现代小说中,乔佛里都被认为是最令人鄙视和痛恨的一位。他的恶行简直罄竹难书,举例说明,他对艾德·史塔克的谋杀(此举导致了罗伯·史塔克在北部自立为王并且发起叛乱),对珊莎·史塔克的羞辱与折磨,杀害饥民,并且害死自己的叔叔提利昂·兰尼斯特,这些都只不过是他恶行清单上的一部分。最终他在与玛格丽·提利尔的婚礼宴席上被人下毒致死。他的死简直大快人心,除了他的母亲瑟曦没有人会哀悼。

Chinese Counterpart: Liu Ziye

对应中国版:刘子业

刘子业

In 465 CE, Liu Ziye assumed the throne of the Liu Song Dynasty when he was seventeen years old. About a year later he was assassinated. Seemingly predisposed to psychotic acts of violence, Liu Ziye was so kill-crazy that "all officials, whether inside the court or outside, were in danger of losing their heads." He would frequently have high officials and family members killed. Also, in a move that would make Joffrey's mother proud, he had incestuous relationships with his sister and aunt.

公元465年,年仅17岁的刘子业在南朝宋登基。一年后由于他的变态暴行被人行刺而死。他的暴虐嗜杀如此的疯狂,乃至于朝廷内外的大小官员,性命垂危。他频繁杀害朝廷的高官和他们的家属。然而更让人恶心的是,他竟和自己的姐姐(刘楚玉)和姑姑(刘英媚)乱伦。

2.The Reynes of Castamere

2.雷耶斯家族

雷耶斯家族

"The Rains of Castamere" is a popular song in the universe of ASOIAF which tells the story of Tywin Lannister's destruction of House Reyne of Castamere following their rebellion against House Lannister. The Reynes had risen alongside the Tarbecks of Tarbeck Hall after judging their liege lord Tytos Lannister to be too weak to stop them. But his son Tywin exterminated every member of both houses. The aforementioned song has become synonymous with no-quarter-given warfare and the ruthlessness of the Lannisters, so much so that its performance is a psychological weapon potent enough to sway the hearts and minds of those considering rebelling against them.

《卡斯特梅的雨季》是广为流传的一首歌,它讲述了泰温·兰尼斯特由于雷耶斯家族起兵反叛,对兰尼斯特不敬而镇压消灭他们的故事。由于兰尼斯特的君主泰陀斯软弱可欺,雷耶斯家族联合塔贝克家族公开挑衅。之后,他的儿子泰温·兰尼斯特根除了这两大家族的所有成员。上述的那首歌已经成了对敌人赶尽杀绝以及兰尼斯特人冷酷无情的代名词,它作为一种思想武器强有力地动摇了那些想要反抗的人的信念。

Chinese Counterpart: The Yangzhou Massacre

对应中国版:扬州十日

扬州十日

The Yangzhou Massacre may never have gotten its own popular song that would later be covered by Sigur Rós, but like the destruction of the Reynes of Castamere it involved the mass murder of innocent people in retaliation for the rebellious acts of their leaders and superiors. In 1645 an armed force loyal to the recently deposed Ming Dynasty were defeated by Manchu soldiers representing the newly founded Qing Dynasty in the city of Yangzhou. The Manchus then proceeded to lay waste to the population of the city, killing, looting, and raping with extreme prejudice. One source reported some examples of the slaughter: "Babies lay everywhere on the ground. The organs of those trampled like turf under horses' hooves or people's feet were smeared in the dirt, and the crying of those still alive filled the whole outdoors. Every gutter or pond that we passed was stacked with corpses…the canals, too, had been filled to level with dead bodies." The massacre was a crucial stepping stone in the destruction of dissent against the Qing Dynasty. Apparently, the message to the Chinese people had been received.

扬州十日大屠杀可能从未有过自己的成名曲,即使有也将会被之后的冰岛乐团所掩盖,然而就像是雷耶斯家族的覆灭,扬州十日也是为了报复官员和军民的反抗从而波及大量的无辜民众受害。1645年在扬州,新建政权的清朝满洲大军击溃明朝的武装防线。随后满军开始摧残扬州人民——烧杀抢劫,奸淫掳掠。有记载描述这场大屠杀:"满地皆婴儿,或衬马蹄、或籍人足,肝脑涂地,泣声盈野。行过一沟一池,堆尸贮积,手足相枕……塘为之平。"这场大屠杀是摧毁反清复明的一个重要的里程碑。显然,当时的中国人已经接收到了这场屠杀传递的信息,乖乖俯首称臣。

1.Queen Cersei versus Margaery Tyrell

1.瑟曦王后VS玛格丽·提利尔

瑟曦王后VS玛格丽·提利尔

It may seem odd to end this list with a struggle between two women, especially after previous entries have featured massacres and centuries of warfare. But Cersei Lannister's struggle for dominance against Margaery Tyrell during the fourth book of the ASOIAF series, A Feast for Crows, has such a shocking and repulsive real-life parallel that my discovery of it was what led me to write this list in the first place. Following the death of Tywin Lannister, Cersei became Queen Regent for her son King Tommen I.In desperate need of financial and military support, Tommen is married to Margaery, solidifying the alliance between the Iron Throne and House Tyrell. A cold war begins between Cersei and Margaery for influence over Tommen. Cersei finally triumphs when she frames Margaery for adultery and treason. The tables are unexpectedly turned on Cersei and both women are currently imprisoned awaiting trial in the as yet unreleased six book of the series, The Winds of Winter. Whether Cersei will eventually succeed in destroying Margaery is unknown at the time of this article being written. But the same cannot be said for…

本文以两个女人的争斗作结似乎有些令人匪夷所思,尤其是在此之前还提到了那么多惨绝人寰的大屠杀以及难以忘怀的世纪之争。但是在《冰与火之歌》系列的第四部《群鸦的盛宴》中,瑟曦·兰尼斯特与玛格丽·提利尔的权位之争在小编看来是对那时候既令人震惊又让人排斥的现实生活的再现,由此将其置之榜首。泰温·兰尼斯特离世后,瑟曦便成为摄政女皇辅佐其子托曼一世。由于财政和军需紧缺,托曼与玛格丽联姻从而稳固了铁王座和提利尔家族的联盟。一场谁行使托曼的主导权的较量在瑟曦和玛格丽之间拉开帷幕。瑟曦最终以玛格丽与人通奸对国王不忠而取胜。在还未出版的《冰与火之歌》系列之第六部《冬日的寒风》中,命运的指针转而指向瑟曦,这样,这两个女人都遭监禁,等待审判。而现在,瑟曦最终是否能成功地摧毁玛格丽还不得而知。

Chinese Counterpart: Lady Lü and Her "Human Pig"

对应中国版:吕后和她的"人彘"

吕后The rules of succession to the imperial line were a bit different in ancient China when compared to medieval Europe. The position of emperor was hereditary, but with each emperor having a veritable army of wives and concubines, picking exactly which heir would succeed his father was not always an easy task. Additionally, the position of empress was awarded to whomever was the mother of the current heir. If an heir fell out of favor, a new heir could be picked and a different woman would become the empress. Struggles for the emperor's favor could become life-or-death situations. Perhaps the best example of this took place in the Han Dynasty between Empress Lü and one of Emperor Gaozu's favorite concubines Lady Qi. The two conspired and plotted, machinated and schemed against each other for years all so that their sons would become the next Emperor of China. In the end, Gaozu died and Empress Lü emerged the winner. What happened next can best be described by Mr. Gascoigne: "After death the empress had no further need of polite methods. Lady Qi's son was poisoned, and any girl within the royal household of whom Gaozu had been unusually fond was killed. The fate of Lady Qi herself was particularly gruesome…the empress cut off Lady Qi's hands and feet, gouged out her eyes, burned her ears, gave her a potion which made her dumb, and threw her into the lower part of the privy and brought visitors to see the 'human pig.'"

较之中世纪的欧洲,古代中国的皇位传承有略微的差异。皇位是世袭的,但由于每位皇帝都有着众多妃嫔,选择皇位继承人就成了一个大难题。另外,皇后一般都是皇位继承人的母亲。如果一个储君被废除,新的储君就会设立,与此同时另一个女人就可能成为皇后。参与皇位之争就相当置于生死之境。而最好的例证莫过于汉代吕后与汉高祖的宠妾戚夫人之间的斗争。为了她们的儿子能成为下一代君王,两人处心积虑,步步为营,明争暗斗数载。最终,汉高祖陨殁,吕后专政,史料记载"汉高祖死后,吕后再没有多余的顾忌。她毒害了戚夫人的儿子,凡是受高祖宠极一时的妃嫔均被赐死。戚夫人的命运尤为悲惨……吕后斩断她的手脚,挖去眼睛,灼伤双耳,又迫她喝下哑药,丢入窟室,称为'人彘',引人参观。"

翻译:小飞侠8+7 来源:前十网

重点单词   查看全部解释    
limited ['limitid]

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adj. 有限的,被限制的
动词limit的过

 
rebellion [ri'beljən]

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n. 谋反,叛乱,反抗

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regain [ri'gein]

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v. 恢复,重回,复得

 
incapable [in'keipəbl]

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adj. 无能力的,不胜任的

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claim [kleim]

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n. 要求,要求权;主张,断言,声称;要求物

 
substantial [səb'stænʃəl]

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adj. 实质的,可观的,大量的,坚固的
n.

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imperial [im'piəriəl]

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adj. 帝国(王)的,至尊的,特大的
n.

 
population [.pɔpju'leiʃən]

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n. 人口 ,(全体)居民,人数

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innocent ['inəsnt]

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adj. 清白的,无辜的,无害的,天真纯洁的,无知的

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hereditary [hi'reditəri]

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adj. 世袭的,遗传的

 

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