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可以怪罪基因的十件事(下)

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5.Anger

5.愤怒
Are you one of those people who tend to bite people's head off at the slightest provocation? Anger is a normal human emotion, experienced by everyone at one time or another. Just like the happy gene, there is the existence of an 'anger gene' which makes some people temperamentally more inclined to be in a black mood. Though to say that the presence of the anger gene is an oversimplification, it is likely that this is due to a genetic predisposition. There is a trait that psychologists call ‘negative affectivity', a term to define the tendency of some people to experience negative emotions. According to Most scientists adolescents are more susceptible to experiencing strong emotions since their brain systems responsible for regulating emotional responses are still under development. Hence it is so difficult to understand teenagers!
你是那种为了一点小事就想要把别人的头咬掉的人吗?愤怒是人类的正常情绪,每个人或多或少都经历过。就像快乐的基因一样,我们身体里也存在"愤怒的基因",这种基因让有些人喜怒无常、情绪低落。愤怒基因的存在影响人的情绪,尽管这样说有点过于简单化了,其情绪化的原因也很有可能归咎于遗传易感性。有一种心理学家称之为"消极情感"的特质,拥有这种特质的人倾向于体验负面情绪。大多数科学家认为青少年更容易体会到强烈的情感,因为他们负责调节情绪反应的大脑系统仍在发展和完善。所以,青少年如此不被理解,也不是毫无缘故的。

愤怒

4.Obesity

4.肥胖

肥胖

One of the major topics of recent surveys is the effect of genetic traits on the occurrence of obesity. The results of the studies established that though the weight of the students who were genetically predisposed to gain weight is similar to that of other children, they tend to quickly attain weight a few years later. So if you fall in that category of dieters where you put on weight with even a slight change in eating patterns, you are the unlucky few to have bad genes.

最近调查的主要话题之一是基因性状对肥胖的影响,调查结果证实了虽然那些拥有肥胖基因的学生与其他儿童的体重相当,但在几年后,他们容易迅速变胖。所以如果你加入了节食者的行列,稍微改变饮食习惯就会发胖,那么很不幸,你已有了肥胖基因。

3.Lifespan

3.寿命

寿命

In recent years several studies have pointed to the fact that life expectancy can largely be dependent upon various genes.In 2009, a study at the Tokyo University of Agriculture found that a specific gene that was activated in men but not women, which backed up the fact why women on an average have a greater lifespan. The results of their research pointed to the conclusion that the gene allowed men to develop stronger bodies but at the cost of ageing. These studies and others like them show that lifespan may be strongly dependent on your genetic makeup, although it is affected by a number of genes. Instead of cursing your family hand reader, blame your genes for your short lifeline!

最近一些研究表明寿命长短取决于基因差异。2009年,东京农业大学的一项研究发现一种特殊基因只能在男性体内而不能在女性体内激活,这就解释了为什么女性的平均寿命比男性长。研究结果证明了基因可以使男性拥有强壮的体魄,其代价却为缩短寿命。这些研究和其他类似研究表明虽然寿命受很多基因的影响,但是最大程度上取决于你的基因组成。不要因为寿命短而责怪家族遗传,只能责怪你自己的基因构成。

2.The pessimist effect

2.悲观者效应

悲观者效应

A new study by UCLA life scientists found that the oxytocin receptor gene is a strong predictor of optimism and self-esteem. Apparently if certain nucleotides at specific locations on the gene are absent you are more likely to be an optimist. Other scientists claim that a different gene regulates the neurotransmitter serotonin, that is the "happy hormone." So with the results of the survey it comes as a surprise that your mood may not be as much under your control as you thought and not always linked to environmental factors. Some people are just happy! If you're one of those people who look at the glass half empty, it may not just be you but your genes acting out which may be one of the reasons to be happy that your state of mind is not some kind of a weakness.

美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的生命科学家们有一项新研究,发现催产素受体基因是乐观自信的预言者。显然,如果缺失了基因链特定位置上的某些核苷酸,你很有可能就是一个乐观主义者。其他科学家们称,调节神经递质血清素的5-羟色胺转运体多态性基因就是"快乐荷尔蒙"。研究结果显示,你的心情可能并非如你所想那样尽在掌控之中,也不总是受环境因素影响,这真是让人惊奇。因此,有些人就是天生的乐天派!同样是半杯水,乐观者会说杯子里还有半杯水,悲观者则感叹已经失去了半杯水。如果你是悲观者,可以庆幸的是这并非是你心境的某种缺陷,那可能是因为你的大脑状况受到了基因影响。

1.Addiction to Cigarette Smoking

1.烟瘾

烟瘾

According to an article printed in the Washington post, scientists have managed to pinpoint variations in the genetic make-up of people which make them more prone to getting addicted to cigarettes. This discovery makes an irrefutable case backing up the role of your genetic structure to nicotine addiction. Christopher Amos, a professor of epidemiology at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston and author of one of the studies said and I quote, "It also makes you more likely to be dependent on smoking and less likely to quit smoking." Based on these studies, it is reported that these smokers on an average light up two extra cigarettes a day and find it much more difficult to give up smoking.

根据《华盛顿邮报》中发表的一篇文章,科学家们设法找出了易对香烟上瘾之人的基因在构成上与常人有什么不同。这项发现证实了一个无可辩驳的情况,就是你的遗传结构控制尼古丁成瘾。克里斯托弗·阿摩司是休斯顿的安德森癌症中心流行病学教授及某项研究报告的作者,他认为(在此我做以引述):"这种基因也会让你更依赖吸烟而非戒烟。"基于这些研究,据报道这些吸烟者平均一天会多抽两根烟,而且戒烟十分困难。

审校:浅芷湄 编辑:Lion 来源:前十网

重点单词   查看全部解释    
genetic [dʒi'netik]

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adj. 基因的,遗传的,起源的

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gene [dʒi:n]

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n. 基因

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occurrence [ə'kʌrəns]

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n. 发生,事件,发现

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weakness ['wi:knis]

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n. 软弱

 
specific [spi'sifik]

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adj. 特殊的,明确的,具有特效的
n. 特

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tend [tend]

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v. 趋向,易于,照料,护理

 
category ['kætigəri]

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n. 种类,类别

 
hormone ['hɔ:məun]

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n. 荷尔蒙,激素

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define [di'fain]

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v. 定义,解释,限定,规定

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experienced [iks'piəriənst]

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adj. 有经验的

 


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