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7.Martin Luther King, Jr.
7.马丁·路德·金
He had a dream, and he didn't write it off as a fanciful midnight vision. Instead, Martin Luther King, Jr. pursued his dream in full daylight and in the face of scorn and cynicism. He paid for it with his life.
马丁·路德·金有个“梦”，但没有因梦醒就破灭，而是不畏嘲讽挖苦，为之奋斗，为之牺牲。
In a country riven by racial discrimination and a legacy of slavery, King promoted equality and freedom for everyone.
马丁·路德·金促进了国家平等和自由，他的国家那时还有奴隶，因种族歧视而分裂。
Furthermore, he pressed his agenda without a call for arms. Instead, he touted non-violent demonstrations and activism.
他不主张武装战斗，而主张非暴力游行和其他活动。
It all began with a famous flashpoint. In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white person in Montgomery, Ala.
1955年，阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利的罗沙·帕克斯拒绝将自己的座位让给一位白人。
This incident led to a successful 382-day bus boycott led by King, and it cemented his role as a leader for blacks in the United States.
因此，马丁·路德·金组织了长达382天的罢车运动，确立了他作为黑人领袖的地位。
After the boycott, and in the face of government and cultural intimidation, he hit the road to spread his message, speaking more than 2,500 times and traveling more than 6 million miles.
抵制运动后，他面临着威胁恐吓，开始宣传自己理念，演讲逾2500次，旅程逾965.6万千米（合600万英里）。
Eventually, his means subverted a deeply rooted culture of discrimination. In doing so, he won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize and was the youngest winner ever at the tender age of 35.
他的行动最终推翻了植根于美国的种族歧视。他也因此荣获1964年诺贝尔和平奖，那时他才35岁，是最年轻的诺贝尔奖获得者。
King was assassinated in 1968, but his legacy has inspired freedom-loving people all over the world.
1968年，马丁·路德·金遭刺杀，但他的精神财富，影响着全世界热爱自由的人。
6.Ivan Pavlov
6.伊凡·巴甫洛夫
Ivan Pavlov may be best known by memorable sound bites, such as "Pavlov's dogs" or the "Pavlovian response."
伊凡·巴甫洛夫可能因“巴普洛夫的狗”或“巴甫洛夫反射”等语句而广为所知。
But his sprawling impact on science can't be reduced to such concise phrases.
但他对科学更深远的影响，用简短金句概括未免太苍白无力。
Pavlov won the 1904 Nobel in physiology. He's best known for his research on conditioned reflexes.
巴普洛夫获得1904年诺贝尔生理学奖，他因条件反射而声名赫赫。
In his most famous experiments, he would ring a bell every time he gave food to dogs.
他的经典例子，是每次给狗投食时都要摇铃。
After repeating this process over and over again, the dogs would eventually begin salivating simply at the sound of the bell.
如此反复，狗即使只听到铃声也会垂涎欲滴。
It wasn't long before people realized that humans weren't all that different from dogs.
不久，人们发现，人和狗的区别并不大。
We're all conditioned to respond certain ways -- both good and bad -- to various stimuli.
人类对外界不同的刺激也有条件反射——好坏兼备。
Pavlov's insights opened new doors in psychology and behaviorism, and they altered the way people perceive their own behaviors.
巴普洛夫的发现为生理学和行为学打开新的大门，并让人改变了对行为的原有认知。
He was so well-regarded in the Soviet Union and around the world that the Soviet government couldn't muzzle his outspoken condemnation of Communism.
在苏联乃至世界范围内，他都是位响当当的人物，所以苏联政府不能限制他对共产主义的公开谴责。
By the time he won the Nobel, he was already one of the most renowned scientists in the world, and his discoveries still reverberate today.
他赢得诺贝尔奖时，已经闻名于世，他的发现在今天仍有长久深远的影响。
5.Mother Teresa
5.特蕾莎修女
She's a virtual brand name when it comes to charity. Mother Teresa won the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize for her unending work with some of the world's most impoverished people.
在慈善界，特蕾莎修女可谓有口皆碑。特蕾莎修女一生致力于消除贫困，于1979年获得诺贝尔和平奖。
In 1950, Mother Teresa launched a Catholic organization called the Missionaries of Charity, which began its work in India, helping to ease the suffering of poor, sick and orphaned people.
1950年，特蕾莎成立了天主教组织博济会，在印度帮助穷人、病人及孤儿。
In time, the charity grew to care for AIDS sufferers and people displaced by war, famine and other catastrophes, both natural and human-caused.
之后，博济会又开始收容艾滋病患者以及因战乱、饥荒等天灾人祸而无家可归的人。
She remained committed to the charity for more than 40 years. She died in 1997, but many carry on her mission.
特蕾莎修女专注慈善事业四十余年，于1997年去世，但许多人延续了她的使命。
Her organization is still active in more than 130 countries, with thousands of sisters tending to those in need.
成千上万名博济会成员至今仍活跃在130多个国家，向需要的人提供帮助。
In doing so, they maintain a humanitarian presence in communities where no one else has the means or will to help.
他们的做法，是人道主义的体现，弥补了一些社区没人愿意伸出援助之手的空白。
4.Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain and Howard Florey
4.亚历山大·弗莱明、恩斯特·伯利斯·柴恩和霍华德·弗洛里
Humankind doesn't advance without, well, humans. That's why medical advances are so critical to each and every one of us.
人类进步离不开，嗯，人。因此医学进步对每个人都至关重要。
Sir Alexander Fleming, along with Sir Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Florey, made one of the most important medical discoveries ever and, as a result, won the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
亚历山大·弗莱明、恩斯特·伯利斯·柴恩和霍华德·弗洛里因重大医学发现于1945年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
In his rather unclean research lab, and by accident, Fleming realized that a mold growing in a petri dish had killed adjacent Staphylococci bacteria.
弗莱明的实验室不太洁净，他偶然间发现培养皿里的一种霉菌消灭了临近的葡萄球菌。
Thus began his experiments with the mold, called Penicillium notatum, which eventually resulted in penicillin-based antibiotics.
于是，弗莱明开始研究这种霉菌，即特异青霉素，最终研究出青霉素类抗生素。
These drugs were effective against all sorts of diseases that had ravaged humans for centuries, including tuberculosis, gangrene, syphilis and many other bacterial infections. As a result, untold lives were improved or spared.
这些抗生素对治疗困扰人类几百年的各种疾病效果显著，包括肺结核、坏疽、梅毒及其他细菌感染，救治了无数人。
