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在美国行不通的这10件事,在其他国家可以做(下)

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5. In New Zealand Prostitution Is Fully Legal And Regulated

5. 在新西兰,卖淫合法并受管理

Prostitution

In many countries in Europe sex trafficking is a problem, and some countries believe the solution to this is to clamp down hard on the legality of prostitution. Most of them are targeting those who buy the services of the prostitutes instead of the prostitute themselves – as they may be a victim of trafficking – but New Zealand has long felt that this is the wrong approach to dealing with the situation. They feel that in order to deal with sex trafficking, you need to remove the veil of secrecy from the business and regulate and keep an eye on it like any business.

非法性交易是欧洲很多国家的难题,一些国家认为,解决这一问题的办法就是加大执法力度。他们针对的主要是那些付钱嫖娼的人而不是娼妓本身——因为妓女也是非法交易的受害者——但是新西兰早就发现,这不利于解决问题。他们认为,要解决非法性交易问题,应当揭开这一行业的神秘面纱,对它予以管理并像对其他行业那样进行密切的关注。
To this end, in New Zealand a law was passed in 2003 that decriminalized prostitution and set up a framework that would allow for brothels to be inspected just like any other business for health and safety standards. This ensures that women in the business will go to the police when needed, and give them information, instead of living in fear. It ensures that they won't fear their clients will dry up for fear of police prosecution, and helps avoid exploitation because they know workers' rights laws and the officers of the law are all on their side. Some countries in Europe argue that New Zealand's system only works well because they are so isolated, and that as countries with bigger trafficking problems, they need more restrictive laws – not less.
为此,新西兰于2003年通过立法,实现了卖淫合法化,并成立组织,如其他行业一样,妓院也被纳入卫生与安全标准的管理范畴。这样确保从事该行业的女性可以在需要的时候寻求警方帮助,并提供信息,不必生活在恐慌中。这也保证她们无需再担心客户因为害怕警察而走掉,同时也避免被剥削,因为她们都学习了职工权利法,知道法官会站在自己这一边。一些欧洲国家认为新西兰的体系之所以有效,是因为该国是一个隔离的小岛,对于那些非法交易更猖獗的国家,他们需要更有限制性的法律——只多不少。

4. In Spain People Take A Several Hour Nap In The Middle Of The Workday

4. 在西班牙,你可以在工作日中午睡上几小时

take a nap

Many people may have already heard of the Spanish Siesta — the habit of Spaniards knocking off for three hours during the hottest part of the afternoon and enjoying a nice, relaxing snooze. The habit developed over time because the area was mostly used for farming, and it made a lot of sense to take a break when the sun was highest in the sky. Today, it is more of an inconvenience for the people of Spain, what with the fast paced industrialized world that most people now live in. Shops will close at 2:00 p.m. and people will often come back and reopen their shops around 5:00 or 6:00 p.m. and stay open until late at night.

很多人都听说过“西班牙午休”——西班牙人的一种习惯,在最炎热的中午停工仨小时,享受一个美好放松的小憩。这个习惯随着时间逐渐演化而来,因为该地区过去以农业为主,因此当太阳升到最高点时,人们有必要休息一下。如今,社会已经进入了快节奏的工业化时代,而这个习惯给西班牙人带来的更多是麻烦。商店下午两点就关门,人们常常得在五六点钟的时候回来重新开业,直至深夜。
While it may sound relaxing to knock off for three hours in the middle of the day, it is hardly good for you to segment your work day up that way, and end up constantly working late into the night – and the people of Spain are well aware of this. It is hardly realistic in the modern age to use the time for a nap, and most people actually take the time to get things done instead. Unfortunately, they still have to report for work at the same time every morning. This has led to a culture where most people in Spain stay up late, get up early, rarely nap and don't get much sleep overall. While the siesta has given them a reputation of laziness, they are actually a hardworking, sleep deprived country that is increasingly considering removing the siesta completely and just shortening the workday to a reasonable amount of time to begin with.
虽然中午停工仨小时听起来很轻松,但这会分割你的工作日,导致你要一直工作到深夜,并没有多少好处——而西班牙人也意识到了这一点。现代还采用这种午休时间不太现实,大多数人会用这段时间来工作。不幸的是,多数西班牙人睡得晚起得早,几乎不午休,这导致他们睡眠不足。虽然午休可以让他们光明正大地偷懒,但实际上,他们工作非常努力。大量人口睡眠不足让国家逐渐考虑彻底废除午休制度,将工作日的工作时长缩短到合理的长度。

3. In Japan You Can Buy Poisonous Fugu Fish

3. 在日本,你可以买到有毒的河豚

 Fugu Fish

Most people have heard of the poisonous puffer fish known as Fugu, which is a delicacy in the country of Japan. In the United States and other countries around the world, if you want to taste Fugu, you will have to pay large amounts of money to eat fish that was specially prepared by Japanese chefs and imported frozen to your part of the globe. This is because Japan is the only country in the world that legally allows people to prepare the fresh Fugu for serving, and they have extremely stringent requirements in order to earn that legal right.

大多数人都知道有毒的河豚是日料中的一道美味佳肴。在美国和其他国家,你得花大价钱才能尝到专门由日本厨师制作的河豚,而且这些河豚还是冷冻进口的。这是因为日本是唯一允许人们烹制新鲜河豚并出售的国家,要获得这项合法权利还必须符合严格的要求。
The fish has a poison known as tetradoxin that is extremely poisonous, causing paralysis and asphyxiation in a very short time in humans, with only a small amount required to be deadly. Certain parts of the fish are not poisonous, and are actually quite delicious, and it is these that the highly trained chefs carefully separate from the inedible or dangerous parts of the fish. It takes three years of training and only about a third of those who take the licensing exam even pass the test. These standards ensure that those who buy Fugu in a restaurant will not truly be gambling with their lives – although it is said that a truly skilled chef leaves just enough poison to make your lips tingle and remind you of the danger, without actually putting you in harm's way.
这种鱼含有一种名为河豚毒素的有毒物质,会在短时间内引起人的身体麻痹和窒息,少量即可夺人性命。这种鱼的某些部分不含毒素,而且确实美味,需要训练有素的厨师小心地将这些部分与有毒的危险部分分离开。这种训练要历时三年,而且只有三分之一的厨师能通过考试拿到证书。这样的标准才能保证食客不用冒着生命危险吃河豚——但据说有些技艺高超的厨师会留下一点毒素,让你觉得嘴唇刺痛但不至于危害身体,他们用这种方法提醒你吃河豚的危险。

2. In Russia It Is Perfectly Acceptable To Leave Young Children Home Alone

2. 在俄罗斯,你可以把孩子单独留在家里

Russian boy

In the United States there are laws about how young a child can be and still be legally left home completely alone by their parents, and in today's United States, most parents couldn't imagine their child walking to or from school alone. If a child too young were too be left home alone in the United States, and the authorities found out, it could lead to a visit by child protective services. However, in the federation of Russia, they do not look at the issue in the same way at all. In Russia it is far more commonplace for children to leave the house on their own at a young age, either to go to school or simply go to the store, and it is not illegal to leave young children home alone.

美国有法律规定了父母可以将几岁以上的孩子单独留在家中,而且在今天的美国,大多数父母都无法想象孩子自己上学或放学。在美国,如果有关部门发现年龄过小的孩子被单独留在家中,他们可能会通过儿童保护服务“拜访”这家人。但是俄罗斯人对这个问题的看法则完全不一样。在俄罗斯,让小孩子一个人离开家去上学或者去商店,都是非常普遍的事,而且将孩子单独放在家里也不违法。
Some parents in certain parts of Russia have lobbied in the past to make stricter laws regarding the matter, especially due to cases where children have been left home alone and got hurt, but ministers in charge of law making seem reluctant to push the issue. They feel that punishing parents for leaving young children home alone is more of a Western thing, and aren't sure if that is the route they want to go. While it could someday change, it seems for the moment, Russians aren't interested in worrying too much about the matter.
俄罗斯某些地方的父母曾对该问题进行游说,呼吁制定更加严格的法律,特别是发生了儿童独自在家结果受伤的事件后,但主管立法的部长似乎不愿推进此事。他们认为,处罚将小孩子单独留在家里的父母是西方国家的做法,他们也不确定是否有必要沿用这条道路。虽然有朝一日情况可能会变化,但目前来看,俄罗斯人没有兴趣过分担忧这个问题。

1. In Estonia They Vote For Public Officeholders Online

1. 在爱沙尼亚,你可以在网上投票选举官员

ASCKII

The United States like to consider themselves one of the most technology advanced nations in the world, but despite our many advances, voting online and doing many other government related actions online is still a thing of fantasy. In that particular regard, we are being beaten rather badly by a small country in Europe called Estonia. They are known for being incredibly digitally connected, possibly the most connected in the entire world. They have made training in the understanding of computers and the internet a core part of all school curriculums, and almost all important business can be done online.

美国喜欢以全球技术最发达的国家自居。虽然他们技术先进,但网上选举和网上办理其他政府相关活动仍然不切实际。在这一方面,美国远不及欧洲的一个小国家——爱沙尼亚。这个国家以令人吃惊的数字化连接而知名,可能是全球数字化程度最高的国家。他们开设计算机培训,并将互联网作为所有学校课程的核心内容,几乎所有重要的事务都可以在网上完成。
Estonians all get their own unique government ID that also comes with its own special PIN. This special ID allows Estonians to have their own online fingerprint and use that identity to do pretty much everything government related that they could possibly need to do. With this ID, Estonians do business with the library, pay taxes, vote for political candidates and many other things as well. While some Americans fear the possibility of massive voter fraud or cheating, the Estonians have not yet had any reason to believe that their system has been tampered with. They also believe their proportional voting system helps discourage those who would consider attempting to cheat in the first place.
每个爱沙尼亚人都有自己的政府ID并生成特殊的个人识别号。爱沙尼亚人通过这个特殊的ID获取自己的网上标识并用这一身份完成他们需要做的各种政府相关事务。爱沙尼亚人用这个ID办理图书馆业务、交税、为政治候选人投票并完成其他事项。一些美国人担心这样会出现选举欺诈或舞弊,但爱沙尼亚人坚信他们的系统十分完善。他们还相信,按比例投票系统有助于将作弊扼杀在摇篮里。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
reasonable ['ri:znəbl]

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adj. 合理的,适度的,通情达理的

 
unique [ju:'ni:k]

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adj. 独一无二的,独特的,稀罕的

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massive ['mæsiv]

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adj. 巨大的,大规模的,大量的,大范围的

 
approach [ə'prəutʃ]

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n. 接近; 途径,方法
v. 靠近,接近,动

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constantly ['kɔnstəntli]

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adv. 不断地,经常地

 
secrecy ['si:krisi]

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n. 秘密,保密,隐蔽

 
fraud [frɔ:d]

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n. 骗子,欺骗,诈欺

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dealing ['di:liŋ]

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n. 经营方法,行为态度
(复数)dealin

 
voter ['vəutə]

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n. 投票人,选举人

 
poison ['pɔizn]

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n. 毒药,败坏道德之事,毒害
vt. 毒害,

 

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