5 那加人
The Naga people are a conglomerate of several tribes in northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. Seventeen of these tribes have similar cultures and form the Indian state of Nagaland.
那加人包括印度东北部和缅甸西北部的几个部落，其中17个部落有相似的文化，形成了印度的那加兰邦。
Other Naga tribes can be found in the adjoining states of Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh as well as in Myanmar. The Naga tribes practiced head-hunting and preserved their enemy’s heads as trophies. In the northeast part of the country, Assam was known to have one of the most savage of the Naga tribes.
其他那加部落分布在毗邻的马尼派尔邦、阿萨姆邦和阿鲁纳恰尔邦以及缅甸境内。那加部落将敌人的首级作为战利品保存。阿萨姆邦的那加部落被认为是印度东北部最野蛮的。
The word Assam means “peerless” in the extinct Ahom language, which is the perfect meaning for a group of particularly vicious headhunters who believed that they were above the rest. All the people living south of the Brahmaputra River were formerly headhunters.
在失传的阿霍姆语中，“阿萨姆”的意思是“无与伦比的”，这个意思对一群特别恶毒的猎首者来说很完美，因为他们相信自己是人上人。雅鲁藏布江以南的所有人以前都是猎首者。
Most head-hunting groups were warrior-like attackers, but the Assam tribe approached their prey in a sneakier manner. They used surprise tactics by parties of raiders to take the heads of their enemies.
大部分猎首部落都是类似战士的攻击者，但阿萨姆部落会用偷袭的方式接近猎物，让突击队通过奇袭获得敌人的首级。
4 秦兵
Some of the oldest reports of head-hunting are from the Qin army in China during the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475–221 BC). The Qin warriors eventually defeated six other states in war, making the Qin dynasty the first unified, centralized state in Chinese history.
一些猎首的最早记录来自中国春秋（公元前770至公元前475年）和战国时期（公元前475至221年）的秦军。秦军最终打败了其他六国，使秦朝成为中国历史上第一个统一的中央集权国家。
The Qin soldiers were mostly slaves who were looking for a way to move their families to freedom. The soldiers would collect the heads of their murdered enemies and were sometimes granted freedom as a result. It was a great motivator for the Qin army, but it terrified their enemies.
秦兵大多是想让自己家成为自由民的奴隶。他们杀敌并收集首级，有时会因此获得自由。这是秦军的一个强大动力，也吓倒了他们的敌人。
3 台湾原住民
The Taiwanese aborigines were divided into various tribes and areas, but all of them participated in head-hunting except for the Yami people. Late settlers of Taiwan and Japan were often the victims of aboriginal head-hunting raids because the newcomers were seen as invaders, liars, and enemies.
台湾原住民包括多个部落和地区，除亚米人之外，他们都进行过猎首。台湾和日本后来的定居者常常成为原住民猎首的目标，因为他们被视为入侵者、骗子和敌人。
The practice of head-hunting continued during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan. It finally ended in the 1930s due to suppression by the Japanese government.
猎首在台湾日据时期继续存在。 由于日本政府的镇压，它在20世纪20年代才消失。
Before Taiwan was colonized by Japan, head-hunting was practiced regularly and heads would be found at various ceremonies like birthdays, funerals, and weddings. Some heads were boiled and left to dry, and they were often seen hanging from trees. When a group returned with a head, it was sometimes a cause for celebration because the aborigines thought that it would bring good luck.
在台湾被日本殖民之前，猎首会定期发生，头颅可以在诸如生日和婚葬等各种仪式上找到。有的头被煮熟晾干，常被看见挂在树上。一群人带回头颅，有时会引起庆祝，因为原住民认为它会带来好运。
2 凯尔特人
The Celts of Europe practiced head-hunting mainly for religious reasons in the beginning. They were known for nailing the heads of their victims to walls or even dangling them from their horses while riding. Later, the Celts were converted to Christianity by the demi-Celtic Gaels, but the practice of head-hunting continued.
欧洲的凯尔特人猎首，一开始是为了宗教目的。他们将受害者的头颅钉在墙上，甚至在骑马时将它们挂在马上。后来，凯尔特人被半凯尔特的盖尔人变成了基督徒，但猎首的做法仍在继续。
After a while, collecting heads became less of a religious event for the Celts and more traditional and warrior-like. This practice lasted until the end of the Middle Ages in Ireland.
渐渐的，凯尔特人收集头颅就不再出于宗教，而更像传统和战争仪式了。 这种做法持续到爱尔兰的中世纪结束。
1 希瓦罗人
The South American Indian people known as Jivaro lived on the eastern slopes of the Andes and were known to be the most vicious of all the groups when it came to head-hunting. The Jivaro were warlike, and they remain proud that they were never really conquered by others.
被称为希瓦罗人的南美印地安人生活在安第斯山脉东麓，被认为是猎首者中最凶残的人。希瓦罗人好战，并因从未真正被征服过，至今深感自豪。
This group was made up of tribes that were known for head-hunting and for shrinking the heads that they took. If you take an orange and hold it in your hand, that would be about the size of a Jivaro shrunken head.
希瓦罗人部落以收集和缩小头颅而闻名。如果你手头有橙子，希瓦罗人缩小过的头就那么大。
The Jivaro people would start by removing the skull of their enemy, and then they would pack the skin with hot sand. This would help shrink the head to that of a small monkey while preserving any features and tattoos. The tribe believed that taking the heads of others would give them supernatural power. They were also motivated by a desire for revenge on anyone they thought deserved it.
希瓦罗人先除去敌人的头骨，然后用热沙包裹皮肤。这有助于将头缩小到小猴子头的大小，同时保留所有特征和纹身。部落认为，猎首能给他们超自然的力量。向他们认为应得的人复仇的愿望，也是他们的动力。
The Shuar, who called a shrunken head a tsantsa, was the most dangerous tribe within the Jivaro group. The taking of heads is no longer practiced by their tribe, but they still produce replica heads to sell to tourists who visit the area.
舒阿人管缩小的头颅叫，是希瓦罗人中最危险的部落。他们的部落现在不再进行猎首，但会做复制品卖给前来的游客。
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