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Are you sitting comfortably? We don't wanna shock you, but we're here to talk about the F-word. No, not that one. We're gonna talk about feminism.
你正很舒服地坐着吗？我们并不想吓到你，我们只是想聊聊F开头的词。不，不是那个词。我们要谈的是女权主义。
That shocked gasp at the back there pretty much sums up how people are feeling right now. Feminism today is a lot of things, many of them controversial. It's a rallying cry. It's a dirty word. It's something angrily chucked around on Twitter. It's a focal point for resistance against a world that's lurching rightwards.
从后排传来的那种震惊的吸气声差不多已经说明了人们现在的感受。当下女权主义代表很多事物，而其中的许多饱受争议。女权主义是战斗口号，也可以是一个脏字。女权主义被在推特上带着愤怒地转来转去。女权主义是对抗一个有右倾倾向的世界的焦点。
At least, that's what you're probably hearing. And we can't blame you; talk radio, social media, and angry people in the streets are all combining to portray feminism as something uniquely crazy and/or threatening. But the truth is a little… different. Go digging beneath the headlines, and you'll discover that feminism is so much bigger, so much more complicated, and so different from what you likely expect.
至少，那很可能是你正在听到的。我们不能责怪你。广播谈话节目、社交媒体、大街上愤怒的民众合力将女权主义塑造成十分疯狂而且（或者）十分凶险的事物。然而事实有点……不大一样。透过那些头条来看，你就会发现女权主义是如此宏大、如此复杂，而且和你所能预期的如此不同。
10. It Means Always Voting for the Woman
10. 女权主义总会为女人投票
There's a misconception that feminism means always standing by a woman, no matter how flawed she is. The 2016 US election demonstrated this fallacy. Pretty much everyone in both the Dem and Republican parties assumed feminists would automatically vote for the first major female presidential candidate in history. Seems a no-brainer, right?
另一误解是女权主义意味着永远支持女性，不管她有多少不足之处。2016年美国大选驳斥了这一谬误。差不多共和党和民主党中每一个人都认为女权主义者会自发为历史上第一个重要的女总统候选人投票。似乎无需动脑，对吗？
Not quite. As pumped as many feminists were that a woman got a major party nomination, that didn't mean they had to like her. Feminists aren't unthinking automatons programmed with 'female good, male bad'. For many, wanting Hillary to win because she was a woman made as much sense as you wanting Jeffery Dahmer for president because he was Christian.
其实不然。很多女权主义者说一个女性得到多数党提名并不代表她们非得喜欢她。女权主义者并不是不思考的机器人，被编排了“女人好，男人坏”的程序。对于很多人来说，因为希拉里是女性就希望她赢就和你想让杰夫瑞·达莫当总统仅仅因为他是个基督徒是一个道理。
Despite what the pundits said, this is basic common sense. Plenty of feminists were gladdened that a woman was nominated, but simply felt the GOP was better equipped to deal with more pressing issues. Equally, even some liberal feminists felt that Hillary was a bad candidate who would be a bad president, despite appreciating the milestone of her nomination. At its heart, feminism is about empowering women to make up their own minds, even if (or maybe especially if) those decisions go against perceived orthodoxy.
不管学究们说了什么 ，这是一个基本常识。很多女权主义者会因女性被提名而感到高兴，但认为共和党更有能力解决当下紧迫的问题。同样，甚至一些自由派的女权主义者认为希拉里是很糟糕的候选人，也不会是个好总统，尽管他们也为女性被提名这样一个里程碑感到欣喜。本质上，女权主义关乎赋予女性自决的能力，即便（或者尤其是）那些决定会与既成的正统背道而驰。
9. It Means Liberalism
9. 女权主义等同于自由主义
Ask most people to picture a feminist, and they'll conjure a young, cosmopolitan, college-educated millennial girl who holds social views and economic positions somewhere to the left of Lenin. While these people definitely exist, they're also far from the whole story. For every feminist with a poster of Bernie Sanders adorning her wall, there's another out there with a pro-life poster stuck to hers.
让大多数人描述一个女权主义者，他们会想象出一个年轻、世界主义、受过大学教育的千禧年女孩，内心秉持的社会观点和经济立场靠近列宁的左派。尽管这些人也存在，但他们远不能代表全部。对应着用伯尼·桑德斯的海报装饰的墙壁的女权主义者，也有另一些女权主义者的墙上则张贴着反对堕胎的海报。
Despite what social media would tell you, there are plenty of feminists out there whose social views line up more closely with Ronald Reagan than they do Elizabeth Warren. The Texas-based New Wave Feminists group, for example, are staunchly pro-life and anti-abortion. Then there's the Empowered Women group, a vast, business network with a core belief in political libertarianism and the value of open markets. Neither of these is small groups, and they represent just a fraction of the right-leaning feminist groups out there.
不管社交媒体过去怎么告诉你的，有很多的女权主义者，与其说他们的社会观点接近伊丽莎白·沃伦还不如说接近罗纳德·里根。比如说，得克萨斯州新浪潮女权主义坚定地反对堕胎。还有“权利女性团体”，一个庞大的商业网，核心理念是自由意志主义的政治哲学和公开市场价值观。两者都是不小的团体，代表了右倾女权主义的一部分。
At its heart, feminism just means believing in equal rights for women. You don't have to be particularly liberal to accept that. As the multitude of different feminist groups show, you can be conservative and feminist, libertarian and feminist, or even Communist and feminist without compromising your core beliefs.
女权主义本质上仅仅意味着相信女性的平等权利。承认这一点，你不必特别开明。正如众多不同的女权主义团体所展示的，你可以是保守主义的女权主义者，可以是自由主义的女权主义者，甚至同时是共产主义者和女权主义者，而不必妥协自己的核心价值观。
8. It's Only for Women
8. 只有女人才能支持女权主义
By now, you've probably noticed that this article has gone out under a male byline. Yup, the dribbling writer-monkey we selected for this piece is undeniably male. Some of you might be surprised by that. Doesn't the name 'feminism' kinda intentionally exclude men?
至此为止，你很有可能已经注意到这篇文章是男性署名。没错，我们为这篇文章选定的作者无可置疑是一位男性。有些人可能会感到惊讶。难道女权主义这个名称不是有意排除了男性吗？
We politely disagree. Believe it or not, there are plenty of men out there who identify as feminists. And only around 0.01% of them are doing so in the hopes of getting laid.
我们礼貌地表示不同意。不管你信不信，有很多男人认为自己是女权主义者。他们当中大约只有0.01%这样做是为了和人上床。
Now, before we go any further, we should point out that this is a total minefield, even for people as brainy and all-round awesome as we are. There are a ton of articles out there by female feminists arguing that male feminists are often jerks who are hijacking their movement. In other words, that getting a male writer to cover feminism when there are plenty of female writers out there is like personally punching Emmeline Pankhurst in the face.
现在，在我们继续探讨之前，应该指出这是一个雷区，即使对于像我们这样聪明又多才多艺的人来说也是如此。女性的女权主义者已经写过很多文章，力图说明男性女权主义经常是绑架她们运动的混蛋。换句话说，已经有了很多的女性作家，还要让一个男性作家涉足女权主义，就像是在埃米琳·潘克赫斯特的脸上打了一拳。
We can't deny it's potentially an odd look. But then, that's the beauty of feminism. It doesn't just appeal to women. Just as whites marched with Martin Luther King back in the day, there are plenty of men who genuinely give a damn about women's rights. And, luckily for them, a good number of feminist groups are actively welcoming to them. Every man has a mom, a sister, a girlfriend, a female friend who he'd never want to see discriminated against because of who she is. To paraphrase Emma Watson's famous 'He for She' speech, gender equality is an issue men should care about, too.
我们不能否认那可能是挺奇怪的画面。但那正是女权主义的魅力。它不仅吸引女人。就像白人曾经与马丁·路德·金一同游行，也有很多男人真心在乎女性的权利。幸运的是，有很多女性主义团体积极地欢迎他们加入。每个男人都有母亲、姐妹、女朋友、女性朋友，不想看到她们因为性别而受到歧视。改述艾玛·沃特森著名演讲《他为她》里的话，性别平等也是男人应该在乎的问题。
7. It's Against Men
7. 女权主义对抗男性
This one sorta links to the point above. People whose only brush with feminism comes via Twitter might assume feminism means screwing over men. It's kinda in the mission statement, right? At the very least, feminists are presumably indifferent to men's issues.
这种误解和上一点有些联系。那些只是通过推特了解女权主义的人可能认为女权主义就是要搞垮男性。这似乎是使命宣言的一部分，对吗？至少可以说，女权主义者可能并不关心男人的问题。
Not quite. Over the years, feminists activists have gone out of their way to target inequalities that affect men. What's more, they've succeeded.
并不尽然。在过去的几年中，女权主义活跃分子已经不怕麻烦，将涉及男性的不平等问题视为奋斗目标。更重要的是，她们已经取得成功。
Only a few short years ago, if you were male and got raped, the FBI weren't interested. Their definition of rape only included offenses against women. As anyone who lives on planet Earth is aware, men can and do get sexually assaulted (admittedly at a much lower rate than women). It was only after a feminist campaign that the FBI began logging statistics on male rape, too. Then there's the whole 'assault in the military' thing. Several of the groups for male survivors directly grew out of feminist support networks.
仅仅是几年前，如果一个男性被强奸，联邦调查局不会感兴趣。因为他们对强奸的定义限定于对女性的侵犯。全世界的人都知道，男性可能而且也确实会受到性侵犯（毋庸置疑概率比女性要低得多）。仅仅在女权主义运动之后，联邦调查局才开始录入男性强奸案的数据。然后才有“军队中的性侵犯”事件。几个男性幸存者团体直接产生于女权主义支持网络。
Then there's the whole, big picture issue. At its heart, feminism believes that the lives of men and women will both be improved by overturning patriarchal culture. You may well disagree with that assessment. But that doesn't change the fact that it comes from a sincere desire to help men, too.
然后有了整体的图景问题。本质上，女权主义推翻男权文化既可以改善女人的生活也可以改善男人的生活。你可能不大同意这个论断。但这种论断确实来自要帮助男性的真诚愿望。
6. There is Only One Kind of Feminism
6. 只有一种女权主义
A big problem with how people view feminism is that they see it as one large, monolithic thing. But this is like saying the US, Singapore, Sweden and Norway are interchangeable as they're all capitalist democracies. Feminism has as many different flavors as your local Walmart does breakfast cereals.
人们看待女权主义一个很大的问题就是，他们把女权主义看成一个庞大的整体。这就像说美国、新加坡、瑞典和挪威可以互换，因为它们都是资本主义民主国家。女权主义有不同的口味就像当地沃尔玛超市里的早餐麦片。
Over the years, feminism came in at least three distinct waves. So, you have First Wave feminism, which is from the suffragette era and is concerned with stuff like votes for women and equality before the law. Then you have the Second Wave, which focuses on stuff like domestic violence, rape in marriage, sexual exploitation and hidden abuse. Finally, you have the Third Wave, which explicitly believes there are as many feminisms as there are women, and that black women, lesbian women, Asian women and so-on all have different experiences. There might even be a Fourth Wave, depending on who's counting.
多年来，女权主义至少历经了三波浪潮。第一次女权主义浪潮，源自妇女参政论时代，关心女性选举权以及在法律面前的平等。然后第二次女权主义浪潮，焦点在家庭暴力、婚内强奸、性剥夺及隐性暴力。最后第三次女权主义浪潮，明确相信女权主义者和女性一样多，相信黑人女性、同性恋女性、亚裔女性等等都有不同的经历。也许会有第四次浪潮，取决于谁在计算这个数字。
Although these waves are 'historic', they're still a handy guide for figuring out what type of feminism a given person believes in. So, someone may identify more with the 3rd wave, whereas someone else might feel the concerns of the 2nd wave are more relevant to her; with each of these waves having additional sub-divisions within them. In short, feminism is no more monolithic than Christianity, conservatism, liberalism or Doctor Who fandom.
尽管这些浪潮都是“历史性的”，还是为区分某个既定的人相信哪种女权主义提供了便捷的导向。所以，某些人可能认同第三次女权主义，而其他人会觉得第二次女权主义和自己更相关。而每一次女权主义浪潮内部还有分支。简而言之，女权主义和基督教、保守主义、自由主义或者《神秘博士》的影迷一样，不是一个统一的整体。
