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Parenting is a crucial factor in the upbringing of a person. Often character and self-worth is related to how a child is raised. A recent study has concluded children with parents who encourage them to express themselves and acknowledge their perspectives have a stronger sense of self-worth, intrinsic motivation and engagement, with less chances of depression.
育儿方式是培养一个人的关键因素。通常一个人的性格和自我价值与他/她的成长方式相关。最近的一项研究得出结论：得到父母的鼓励表达自己、承认自己观点的孩子有着更强的自我价值感、内在动力和参与感，抑郁症的可能性更小。
As part of a new research, Wendy Grolnick, professor of psychology at Clark University, and Kristine N. Marbell-Pierre, Ph.D., conducted a parenting study amongst children from two countries — the United States and Ghana. The results of the study were published in journal Child Development in an article titled “Parental Autonomy Support in Two Cultures: The Moderating Effects of Adolescents' Self-Construals.”
作为一项新研究的一部分，克拉克大学的心理教授温迪•格拉尼克和Kristine N. Marbell-Pierre博士对两个国家（美国和加纳）的儿童展开了育儿研究。研究结果刊登在《儿童发展》期刊上，题目为《两种文化中的父母自主性支持：青少年自我意识的调节作用》（“Parental Autonomy Support in Two Cultures: The Moderating Effects of Adolescents' Self-Construals”）。
"Our study resolves conflicting findings from previous studies," Grolnick says. "It suggests that supporting adolescents' sense of agency is universally beneficial, but how this support is given may not necessarily look the same across cultures."
“我们的研究解决了以往研究中相互矛盾的结果，”格拉尼克说道。“这表明：支持青少年的控制感在全球范围内都是有益的，但在不同文化中，给予这种支持的方式不一定是相同的。”
The study concluded a nurturing environment helped children across cultures. Even though the manner in which positive development was imparted varied, the results of encouragement were found to be uniformly benefitting children.
研究总结道：在不同文化中，培养环境对孩子的成长十分重要。尽管传输正能量发展的方式不尽相同，但研究人员发现：鼓励都会使孩子获益。
According to a report published in Clark University official website, the findings can impact how parents in different cultures support positive development in their adolescents. The study found some forms of support appear to function similarly across cultures but there were differences in the way parents imparted positivity in their children.
克拉克大学官网发布的一篇报告表示，这些研究结果将影响不同文化的家长支持孩子朝着积极的方向发展。研究发现：有些支持方式似乎在不同的文化中起着相似的作用，但家长给孩子传递积极性的方式却有所不同。
"A parenting approach that allows teens to feel they are being heard has been linked to youth being happier, more self-motivated and more confident," explains Marbell-Pierre, head of guidance and counseling at Ghana International School. "This type of parenting is considered Western in its approach, and there have been questions about its benefit in non-Western, more hierarchical cultures that place greater emphasis on respect for and obedience to elders by children and youth.
“让青少年感觉自己观点被听取的育儿方式或能让年轻人更健康、更有动力、也更有自信，”加纳国际学校的指导和咨询主任Marbell-Pierre解释道。“这种育儿方式被认为是西方的，有人质疑这种方法对于非西方国家、层次更分明的文化来说是否适用，这些国家/文化更加注重年轻人对长辈的尊重和服从。”
The researches were conducted by asking a sample group of 401 adolescents studying in grades seventh and eighth grades from the U.S. and Ghana to fill out questionnaires. According to the study, 245 were from the United States and 156 were from Ghana.
研究执行过程中，研究人员请美国和加纳七八年级的401名青少年（样本组）填写问卷。研究表示，245人来自美国，156人来自加纳。
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