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What is high blood pressure?
什么是高血压？
Nearly half of Americans have high blood pressure, according to new guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology. The guidelines, published in Hypertension, lower the threshold for what's considered high blood pressure from 140/80 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg. (Anything under 120/80 mmHg is considered normal blood pressure.) That change means about 14% more U.S. adults have high blood pressure-and are now likely wondering how to lower their blood pressure.
美国心脏协会（AHA）和美国心脏病学会的最新指南表示，近一半的美国人都患有高血压。指南发表在《高血压》杂志上，将人们以为的高血压从140/80 mmHg降低到130/80 mmHg。（120/80 mmHg以下的血压都被视作正常。）这一变化意味着又有14%的美国成人患有高血压--他们可能很想知道降低血压的方法。
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, can be caused by lifestyle factors or by genetics-or, usually, a combination of both. It can be dangerous if left untreated, raising your risk for heart attack and stroke.
高血压可能是由生活方式因素或遗传因素导致的--或者通常情况下，是由上述两种因素共同造成的。如果不加以治疗，可能会非常危险，增加人们心脏病发作和中风的风险。
Maintain a healthy weight
保持健康的体重
"Weight is one of the most important determiners of blood pressure," says John Bisognano, MD, director of the Hypertension Clinic at the University of Rochester Medical Center in Rochester, New York. "Once someone's BMI is over 25, taking off a few pounds will make a big difference in treating high blood pressure." (A body mass index of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight, while 30 and higher is obese.)
"体重是决定血压的最重要因素之一，"纽约罗切斯特大学医学中心高血压诊所主任、John Bisognano医学博士说道。"一旦某人的身体质量指数超过25，减重几磅将对高血压的治疗产生重要影响。"（身体质量指数为25至29.9则被视作超重，30及以上则被视作肥胖。）
The correlation works both ways, too: A small 2014 study found that people who gained even just 5% of their body weight saw slight boosts in their blood pressure. People who packed on extra fat around their bellies saw the greatest increases.
这种相关性也是双向的。2014年的一项小型研究发现：增重5%的人发现他们的血压也轻度升高。腹部有多余脂肪的人，血压也增加最多。
Cut back on salt
减少盐的摄入
Most Americans-including 86% of those with high blood pressure-eat more salt than is advised by the government's Dietary Guidelines for Americans. If you're one of them, reducing your intake to less than the recommended limit of 2,300 milligrams (about a teaspoon) a day may make a big difference in your blood pressure (and even better if you can stay below the American Heart Association's 1,500-mg daily limit).
大多数美国人--包括86%的高血压患者--摄入的盐含量超过美国政府提出的"美国人饮食建议"。如果你也是其中一员，那就减少自己的盐摄入量，每天不要超过推荐量2300毫克（差不多一茶匙），这会对你的血压产生重大影响（如果你的盐摄入量低于美国心脏协会建议的每日少于1500毫克，那就更完美了。）
Even just reducing your sodium intake by 10 or 20% can help, says Dr. Bisognano. "We ask people to decrease their consumption from sky-high to reasonable levels," he adds. "Learn not to salt your eggs; finish your lunch without a pickle."
即使只是减少10%至20%的钠摄入量也能起到作用，Bisognano医生说道。"我们要求人们降低钠的摄入量，从超级多降至合理水平，"他补充说。"开始学着不给鸡蛋加盐、午餐的时候不吃腌菜。"
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