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It's no easy feat being a working mom. Juggling both a career and family takes a lot of strength, patience and skill, and is something that should be rewarded. But according to a new study, the opposite is happening: women continue to rake in less money simply for having kids.
做个在职母亲并不是什么容易事儿。既要照顾家庭又要兼顾事业，这需要付出很多努力、耐心和技巧，也应该是值得嘉奖的事情。但新研究表明：事实恰恰相反，只是因为有小孩儿，女性却继续领取较低的薪资。
In the study, researchers from the Washington Center for Equitable Growth looked at the wage gap between working moms and female workers without children during the 1986 to 1995, 1996 to 2004 and 2006 to 2014 time periods, using data from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics. They found that working moms receive a pay penalty for each kid they have.
在这项研究中，华盛顿公平成长中心（Washington Center for Equitable Growth）的研究员研究了在职母亲与没有小孩儿的女性工作者的工资差异，时间跨度为1986至1995年、1996至2004年，以及2006至2014年，数据来源于美国收入动态研究小组。他们发现：在职母亲每生一个小孩儿就会受到相应的工资惩罚。
Compared to women without kids, working moms with three or more children earned approximately 18 percent less, the Boston Globe reports. For moms with two children, they earned about 13 percent less than their counterparts without kids, and interestingly, moms with just one child earned between 8 to 14 percent less. The findings held true even when the moms and women without kids had the same education and experience.
有3个或更多小孩儿的在职母亲所挣的工资要比没有小孩儿的女性少近18%，《波士顿环球报》报道。对于有2个小孩儿的母亲而言，她们所挣的工资比没有小孩儿的女性少近13%，有趣的是，有1个小孩儿的母亲所挣的工资比没有小孩儿的女性少8%至14%。即使当在职母亲和没有小孩儿的女性受过相同的教育、有着相同的经历时，这一研究结果也仍然成立。
Although the idea of the motherhood penalty has been around for decades, the research serves as an important reminder that despite all our advancements-more mothers in the workforce, more women rising to top positions in companies and more women earning college degrees-this is still a problem.
尽管母职罚款这一想法已存在几十年了，但研究提醒人们：虽然我们在进步--工作场所的母亲更多、公司身居高位的女性更多、拥有本科学历的女性更多--但这个问题仍然存在。
According to study co-author Joya Misra, a professor of sociology and public policy at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, having many kids isn't the main issue-it's being a mom in the first place. Misra tells the Boston Globe, "Whether you have one or two doesn't really matter to an employer. Just the fact that you're a mother is powerful enough that they're not looking to see how many you have."
研究的合著作者、马萨诸塞州阿默斯特大学社会与公共政策教授乔娜·米拉斯表示，有很多小孩儿并不是主要问题--一开始问题就指向母亲。米拉斯对《波士顿环球报》说道，"无论你有一个或两个小孩儿，雇主认为这些都不重要。你是母亲这一事实就已经涵盖很多信息了，他们无需知道你有多少小孩儿。"
But lower wages aren't the only consequence to being a working mom-employers' perceptions of their capabilities take a hit too.
但工资低并不是成为在职母亲的唯一后果--雇主也会因此对她们的能力大打折扣。
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