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Von Neumann's machine at the IAS was lagging years behind because the Iconoscope, upon which such hopes had been placed, could not be made to work.
冯·诺伊曼的机器项目已经落后了好几年，因为他们把希望寄托于光电摄像管，但光电摄象管却不好使。
The first American computers to be completed were Eckert and Mauchly's BINAC, used for aircraft engineering, in August 1950, and then the CSAW's cryptanalytic ATLAS in December 1950.
在这批美国计算机项目中，最先完成的是埃克特和莫切利的BINAC，它于1950年8月完工，并用于航空工程。接着是1950年12月完工的“阿特拉斯机”，用于密码分析。
But by late September 1949, the Soviet Union had tested its atomic bomb, and this encouraged the American decision in early 1950 to construct a thermonuclear weapon.
1949年9月，苏联进行了原子弹试验，这促使美国在1950年初，决定发展高热核武器。
The IAS machine and its copy MANIAC at Los Alamos were then pushed ahead, although even so it was 1952 before they were completed.
这使冯·诺伊曼的EDVAC项目和洛斯阿拉莫斯的MANIAC项目都得到了推进，但即便如此，它们还是直到1952年才完工。
The 1950-52 calculation for H-bomb feasibility was performed by 1930s methods, with slide rules and desk calculators, absorbing years of human work.
这一延误，导致氢弹的可行性计算是依靠30年代的老方法完成的，也就是计算尺和台式计算器，这耗费了好几年的人力劳动。
In the end they had to scrap the special Iconoscope and use Williams'ordinary cathode ray tubes.
最终，他们被迫放弃光电摄像管，转而使用威廉姆斯的阴极射线管。
He had beaten American industry, it was still possible for British ingenuity to 'jump in ahead of the Americans'.
威廉姆斯战胜了美国，英国的创造力现在仍有机会“飞到美国前面”。
But where did this leave Alan? What was his programme for the immediate future?
但是，图灵现在在研究什么呢？他接下来有什么打算？
It was a very pertinent question that the Wizard posed to Dorothy—not least because the facilities of the Manchester computer, when completed, would not match the ambitions spelt out by Alan for 'learning' and 'teaching' and 'searching'.
那位大巫师，向桃乐丝提出了正中要害的问题，因为曼彻斯特计算机无法满足图灵关于学习、训练和搜索的雄心壮志。
He had to reconcile himself to the fact that those ideas were dreams on the edge of reality, and find some new way in which to continue.
图灵不得不承认这个现实，现在他必须找到新的道路，才能继续追逐他的梦想。
Meanwhile the claims of cybernetics had attracted the attentions of philosophers more weighty than Jefferson, and Alan was drawn into a more professional defence of his views.
与此同时，控制论吸引了比杰弗逊更有份量的哲学家，图灵的观点也遭到了更加专业的反驳。
The motive force was supplied by Michael Polany, the Hungarian emigre who had held the Chair of Physical Chemistry at Manchester from 1933 to 1948, since when he had occupied a new Chair of 'social studies', specially created to facilitate his philosophical ambitions.
这股强大力量，来自麦克尔·波兰尼，他是一位匈牙利移民，1933年至1948年在曼彻斯特执掌“物理化学”教席，后来又转向“社会研究”教席，并从此对哲学产生了很大兴趣。
