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Usually he worked overnight—he regularly booked Tuesday and Thursday nights. It was not all work on biology. He had, in particular, a 'bell ringing' program. Bell ringing? Working through every possible permutation? For whom did the bell toll?
图灵长期承包了每星期二和星期四晚上的机器使用时间，并且经常一直工作到天亮。他有一个特别的“铃响”节目。铃响了吗？在所有可能的排列中，钟声为谁敲响？
Ask not. ... But usually he could be expected to emerge in the morning waving around print-outs to anyone who was around—'giraffe spots', 'pineapples' or whatever—and then go home to sleep until the afternoon.
不要问......但人们经常会在清晨遇到他，他会挥舞着打印出来的图片大叫"看！长颈鹿斑纹！"或者"看！菠萝！"，然后回家睡觉，一直睡到下午。
This night work was reflected in what was perhaps the most progressive feature of his manual, in which he explained how he made the machine itself do the secretarial work of keeping track of experiments and modifications.
这样的通宵工作，不完全是关于生物学，有时还有一些对计算机程序和操作方面的深入探索。
Even in this technical piece of writing, there was a high-level scientific play with the idea of 'rules' and 'descriptions': the programmer was allowed to use the machine in its logical sense, the engineer to use it in its physical sense, and the 'formal mode',
在一段技术性的文字中，图灵提出，程序员是在逻辑层面上使用机器，而工程师是在物理层面上使用机器。
as he defined it, was to print out the description of the operation that was 'complete' in another, higher level, sense:There are a number of modes or styles in which the machine may be used, and each mode has its conventions, restricting the operations considered admissible.
他还定义了一种"正规模式"：机器的使用，有许多模式或风格，每个模式都有不同的方式，限制了其可以接受的操作。
The engineers for instance will consider the removal of a valve or the connection of two points temporarily with crocodile clips to be admissible, but would frown on certain uses of a hatchet. The removal of valves and all alterations of connections are certainly not permitted to the programmers and other users, and they have additional taboos of their own.
比如对工程师来说，用钳子卸掉一个电子管，或者断开两点之间的导线，这是可以接受的——当然，用斧头把把机器劈了肯定是不行的。但对于程序员来说，卸掉一个电子管是不可接受的操作，他们有着更多的限制。
There are in fact a number of modes of operation which might be distinguished, but only the formal mode will be mentioned here. This mode has rather stringent and definite conventions. The advantage of working in the formal mode is that the output recorded by the printer gives a complete description of what was done in any computation.
机器的操作模式有很多种，这里我们只说"正规模式"。这种模式具有非常严格而明确的限制，其好处在于，它的输出结果能够完全展示整个计算过程，使用者可以从中得到他想要的任何信息。
A scrutiny of this record, together with certain other documents should tell one all that one wishes to know. In particular this record shows all the arbitrary choices made by the man in control of the machine, so that there is no question of trying to remember what was done at certain critical points.
这些记录还包括使用者做的每一项选择，因此可以从中确切地分析出任意时刻的机器状态。这就是对计算机"操作系统"的原始想法。
But apart from such by-products of his work, in this case anticipating the introduction of a computer 'operating system', the other users of the machine did not now have more than the vaguest idea of what he was doing with it; after the summer of 1951 there was virtually no contact between them.
但是除此之外，图灵所做的大部分工作，都是其他机器使用者无法理解的。自从1951年夏天之后，图灵就与所有人分道扬镳了。
