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双语畅销书《艾伦图灵传》第9章:退隐山林(130)

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If the operations are represented by letters, then such a sequence is represented by a 'word'—hence the name of the problem.

对于有限群,这种机械过程显然是存在的。

For a finite group, there would of course exist such a definite method, namely the crude one of working through all the possibilities.

比如可以通过原始的穷举方法,对每一种可能性进行检查。

The problem arises for infinite groups.A 'semi-group' is the abstract version of a set of operations which meets half of the conditions required for a 'group': the operations cannot necessarily be reversed.

但问题在于无限群。"半群"也是一组操作的抽象,但它不一定满足构成"群"的条件,即其操作不一定是可逆的。

A 'cancellation semi-group' is a semi-group with a property which makes it closer to being a group: if AC = BC then it must be that A = B.

"消去半群"是一种半群,但具备一个接近于群的特性:如果有AC=BC,就一定有A=B。

Polanyi rejected this argument, saying that a machine was a machine, a human mind was a human mind, and no amount of evidence could change this a priori fact.

波兰尼反对这个观点,他说机器就是机器,人类就是人类,没有任何理由能改变这个先验事实。

This oscillation between the two concepts of computability found its way into his Programmers' Handbook: on the first page the programmer was greeted by the assertion that

实体计算机的能力,与这两个可计算性的定义略有不同,图灵在《编程人员手册》的第一页做了这样的说明:

There is also a part of the machine called the control which corresponds to the (human) computer himself. If his possible behaviour were very accurately represented this would have to be a formidably complicated circuit.

机器的控制部分,功能相当于人类计算者,如果要让它处理所有可能的行为,就需要一个过度复杂的电路,However we really only require him to be able to obey the written instructions and these can be made so explicit that the control can be quite simple.

因此我们只让他处理手册中设计好的指令,这样可以使机器的控制部分变得简洁。

Thus a contemporary review article44 stated 'The importance of the principle of patterned 'field' activities in the determination of embryonic systems has been generally recognised.

当时有一篇文章评论说:"胚胎系统的模式化的形成原则的重要性已经得到了广泛的认识。

Yet their nature and mode of operation are still among the greatest puzzles of modern biology.

但其运作机制和具体模式,仍是现代生物学最大的谜题之一。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
control [kən'trəul]

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n. 克制,控制,管制,操作装置
vt. 控制

 
complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]

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adj. 复杂的,难懂的
动词complica

 
principle ['prinsəpl]

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n. 原则,原理,主义,信念

 
sequence ['si:kwəns]

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n. 顺序,连续,次序,序列,一系列
vt.

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accurately ['ækjuritli]

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adj. 准确地
adv. 精确地,准确地

 
determination [di.tə:mi'neiʃən]

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n. (正式)决定,规定,决心,测定,定位

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definite ['definit]

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adj. 明确的,确切的,有把握的

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evidence ['evidəns]

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n. 根据,证据
v. 证实,证明

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contemporary [kən'tempərəri]

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n. 同时代的人
adj. 同时代的,同时的,

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infinite ['infinit]

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adj. 无限的,无穷的
n. 无限

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