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SAT官方每日一题附答案和解析[阅读](2018年4月26日)

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Fifty years ago, Sarnoff Mednick defined the process of creative thinking as "the forming of associative elements into new combinations which either meet specific requirements or are in some way useful. The more mutually remote the elements of the new combination, the more creative the process or solution." Mednick argued that creative people have flat associative hierarchies: they are better able to access distant, remote associations. For example, when given the concept "table," Mednick predicted that creative people would be more likely to retrieve more remote associations such as "leg" or "food." In contrast, Mednick argued that less creative thinkers have a steep associative hierarchy, in which words with a higher associative strength (e.g., chair) would be more likely to enter their minds:

SAT官方每日一题附答案和解析[阅读](2018年4月26日)

One tool that has been used recently to look at creative cognition is Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), an objective scoring method where you can derive a measure of semantic distance. With LSA, you can quantify the similarity between words or texts based on statistical analyses of the responses of a large population.

Using this technique, Ranjani Prabhakaran, Adam Green, and Jeremy Gray found that "thin slices" of verbal behavior (single-word utterances) predicted creative cognition. In their "verb generation" task, a noun was presented every few seconds, and the participant was instructed to say the first verb that came to mind in response to the noun. The researchers analyzed the semantic distance of the responses using LSA.

They found that the greater the semantic distance of the noun-verb pairs, the higher the levels of creative cognition, story-writing ability, openness to experience, and creative achievement. Interestingly, they also found a relationship between semantic distance and traditional measures of "convergent thinking," such as IQ and working memory. This suggests that creative thinking doesn't just involve combining distant associations, but also requires consciously accessing the associations.

The underlined word "requires" most nearly means _____

A.necessitates.
B.forces.
C.authorizes.
D.affirms.

重点单词   查看全部解释    
particular [pə'tikjulə]

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adj. 特殊的,特别的,特定的,挑剔的
n.

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steep [sti:p]

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adj. 陡峭的,险峻的,(价格)过高的
n.

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creative [kri'eitiv]

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adj. 创造性的

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hierarchy ['haiərɑ:ki]

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n. 等级制度,层级[计],统治集团

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deliberately [di'libəritli]

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adv. 慎重地,故意地

 
objective [əb'dʒektiv]

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adj. 客观的,目标的
n. 目标,目的;

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openness ['əupənnis]

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n. 公开;宽阔;率真

 
derive [di'raiv]

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v. 得自,起源,引申于

 
consciously ['kɔnʃəsli]

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adv. 有意识地,自觉地

 
technique [tek'ni:k]

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n. 技术,技巧,技能

 

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