It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think　of as a person.

This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__

"Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of it as stately

women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__

personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political

satire in that the characters were supposed __3__

to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull.

This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__

adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name

indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__

pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.

After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6__

States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7__

name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since

the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and since __8__

American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__

the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the name was

originated with President George Washington, who would __10__

often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan",

referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.

1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation

2.it—both.指代上文的US和Great Britain

3.that—which

4.sufficient—sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词

5. indicated—indicating　

6.began—ended.根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表)，直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。

7. for—as.be known for意为“因......而众所周知”

8. is—was.美国过去曾是一个rural and unsophisticated的国家

9.to—with.compare to 意为“把......比作.......”compare with意为“与......比较，与.......匹敌，与......竞争”

10. 删掉name和originated之间的was