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I think as seniors, you are often required by your instructors to do some library research on this topic or that.
我认为，导师经常要求你们这些高年级学生去做一些关于各个话题的图书馆研究。
And, in the end, you have to write a research paper, right? Then what is writing a research paper like?
最后，你还要写一篇研究论文，对吧？那么写研究论文到底是怎么回事呢？
How are we going to write one? What are the steps in producing a research paper and what are the points we need to take care of?
怎么写呢？写研究论文的步骤是什么？我们需要注意的要点是什么？
In today's lecture, I'll try to answer these questions.
在今天的课上，我将尝试回答这些问题。
First of all, what is writing a research paper like? We may start by comparing it to an ordinary essay, a form of writing you are very familiar with.
首先，写研究论文到底是怎么回事呢？我们可以先把它与普通的文章作比较，也就是你非常熟悉的写作形式。
Writing a research paper is much like writing an essay. Both kinds of writing involve many of the same basic steps.
写一篇研究论文就像写一篇文章。这两种写作有许多相同的基本步骤。
That is, choosing a topic, asking questions to define and develop the topic, identifying the audience,
也就是说，选择主题，提出问题来定义和详述主题，确定读者，
getting raw material to work with, outlining the paper, writing it, and, finally, revising it.
获取原材料，列出提纲，撰写论文，最后修改。
These are the steps shared between research paper writing and essay writing.
这些是研究论文写作和文章写作共有的步骤。
Is there any difference, you may ask. Yes. What makes a research paper different is that much of your raw material comes not from your own head,
你可能会问，有什么区别吗？有。研究论文的不同之处在于，你的大部分原材料不是来自你自己的知识储备，
but from printed sources: mainly books and periodicals in the library.
而是来自纸质文件：主要是图书馆里的书籍和期刊。
Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes, is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.
收集原始资料，即读书和记笔记，就像普通文章写作之前，进行头脑风暴的过程。
Generally speaking, there are two basic types of research papers, and a paper may belong to either type.
一般来说，研究论文有两种基本类型，一篇论文可能属于其中之一。
It may be a survey of facts and opinions available on a given topic or an analytical argument that uses those facts and opinions to prove a point.
它可能是对某一特定主题的事实和观点的调查，或者是利用这些事实和观点来证明某一观点的分析论证。
Your instructor may tell you which kind of paper you are expected to write. If not, you yourself should eventually choose between surveying and arguing.
你的老师可能会告诉你，你应该写哪种类型的论文。如果没有，你自己应该在调查和论证之间做出选择。
You will then have a definite way of managing your sources.
然后你要有一个明晰的方式来管理自己的资料来源。
