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And then, Plato says, the third group you need is leaders.
柏拉图说，第三种人是领导者。
Their main role will be to think rationally, to use their reason or intellect to make decisions.
他们的主要角色是理性地思考，用他们的理智或智慧来做决定。
As decision makers, leaders determine what the state is to do, how the affairs of the citizens are to be run.
作为决策者，领导者们决定了这个国家要做什么，市民的生活要怎样进行。
Plato then asks himself: OK, assume we've got such a society with these three groups.
柏拉图问自己：好，假设我们的社会已经有了这三个组成部分。
When will this society be a good, um, a...a just society?
那么这个社会就会是一个美好公平的社会吗？
Well, you can only have a good society when its three parts are working well together—each doing its proper thing.
只有当这三个部分合作得很好——每个部分都在做恰当的事情时才会有一个良好的社会。
And Plato believes this can only happen if workers and soldiers learn moderation or self-control.
而且柏拉图认为这只会发生在工人和士兵学会自控的情况下。
But why? Why do workers and soldiers have to learn self-control?
但是为什么呢？为什么工人和士兵得学会自控？
Well, how can a society flourish if the workers and soldiers don't control their desires and emotions?
如果工人和士兵不学会控制他们的欲望和情感社会怎么能繁荣？
Plato thinks that if they aren't under control, workers will sleep too much and play too much, so they're not going to get their jobs done.
柏拉图认为，如果没有控制，工人们就会睡觉和玩乐太多，从而完不成他们的工作。
And soldiers need to channel their high spiritedness in a certain direction, precisely by being courageous.
而士兵们需要被鼓励，将他们的高涨情绪导向某个方向。
But you're not going to get that automatically. You need to teach them this kind of moderation.
但这些不会自动生成。你需要教会他们自我节制。
So you need an educational system that first of all will train the leaders, so that they'll make good decisions, so they'll know what's wise.
所以就需要一个教育系统，这个教育系统首先要训练领导者们，让他们能做出正确的决定，让他们知道什么是明智的。
Then make leaders responsible—um, uh, turn over to them the education of the other two groups.
然后让领导者们负责——将另外两个组成部分的教育转交给他们。
And through education, build a society so that the workers and soldiers learn to use their intellect to control their desires and emotions.
通过教育，建立一个社会，工人们和士兵们学会用他们的智慧来控制欲望和情感。
If you had all that, then, for Plato, you'd have a good or just society.
如果这些都齐全了，在柏拉图看来，就会有一个美好公平的社会。
Now, take that picture—that social, political picture—and apply it to the individual person.
现在，把这幅社会性政治性的图景应用到个人身上来。
You remember about the soul? That it consists of three separate parts, or faculties? Can you guess what they are?
你们还记得灵魂么？灵魂由三个独立的部分或说功能组成还记得吗？你们能猜到那三个部分是什么吗？
Desires, emotions, and intellect—the characteristics associated with the three groups of society.
欲望、情感、和智慧——和社会的三个组成部分联系着的三个特征。
And can you guess how Plato defines a good or just person?
你们知道柏拉图如何定义一个纯良正直的人吗？
Well, it's parallel to how he characterizes a good or just society.
与他定义美好公平的社会类似。
The three parts have to be in harmony.
这三个部分得处于和平的状态。
In each of us, our desires and emotions often get the better of us, and lead us to do foolish things.
我们每个人，我们的欲望和情感常常占据上风，导致我们做出愚蠢的事情。
They're in conflict with the intellect.
它们与智慧是有冲突的。
So, to get them to all work together, to co-exist in harmony,
所以，为了让它们合作，和平共处，
every person needs to be shaped in the same way that we've shaped society—through the educational system.
每个人都要被打磨，用我们打磨社会的方法——通过教育系统。
Individuals must be educated to use their intellect to control their emotions and desires.
必须教育个人用他们的智慧来控制他们的情感和欲望。
That's harmony in the soul.
才能达到灵魂的和谐。
