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documented-document
n.文件 v.证明
In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made.
在记载有关蝴蝶多样性的地理变异时，人们随意进行了决定。
depicted-depict
v.描述
In ancient Egyptian artwork, for examples, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the example.
在许多古埃及艺术品中，约90%都是以右手为惯用手。
column
n.专栏；圆柱
This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.
这种内聚压力使得水柱被拉到非常高的地方而不会断裂。
civil
adj.公民的
civilization
n.文明
However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture.
但在1861年南北战争之初，它促进了北方农业的机械化发展。
carving-carve
v.刻
carved
v.刻
Archaeological records—paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands
据考古史料表示，右手为人类惯用手已持续了5000多年，
indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years.
在绘画和雕刻等人类活动中都有显现。
atoms-atom
n.原子
Ordinary light, from the Sun or a light bulb, is emitted spontaneously, when atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention.
当原子或分子释放自身多于能量，而不受任何外界干扰时，来自太阳或灯泡会自然发出光亮。
auroras-aurora
n.曙光
To understand the cause of auroras, first picture the Earth enclosed by its magnetosphere, a huge region created by the Earth's magnetic field.
为了解北极光成因，我们需要了解被磁层包围地球，它是一种由地球磁场所产生的气体层。
whereas
conj.但是
The common kestrel hunts vertebrate animals in a small, familiar hunting ground, whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on insects over a large area.
普通茶隼会在范围小，但所熟悉的领地捕杀脊椎动物，而较小的茶隼会在范围更大的地区捕捉昆虫。
venus
n.金星
Measurements taken from the Earth show a high concentration of carton dioxide in the atmosphere of Venus.
我们从地球所测量的数据表明，金星大气层中有大量二氧化碳。
vent
n.出口v.发泄
A desire to vent aggression on other family members.
人类对其它家庭成员的侵略性冲动。
valuable
adj.宝贵的
The increasing use of dried animal waste as a substitute fuel has also hurt the soil
同时人们大量使用烘干的动物排泄物作为替代燃料同样对土壤不利，
because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being returned to the land.
因为这些珍贵的土壤成分调节剂和植物营养资源将不会再回归至土壤当中。
universe
n.宇宙
universal
adj.普遍的
universality
n.普遍性
It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal leaning.
它包括上学的正式受教育阶段，以及所有非正式学习阶段。
unique
adj.独一无二的
The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique animals.
寒武纪大爆涉及到了快速的进化分化，接着就是很多独特动物的灭绝。
topic
n.主题
The second paragraph describes a specific instance of the general topic discussed in the first paragraph.
第二段对第一段所讨论的话题进行了具体举例。
steel
n.钢, 钢铁v.使坚强adj.钢的
When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules)
当水被约束在有极小孔的试管里时，
are so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter.
力量（水分子的相互吸引）会变得极其巨大，甚至可以与同等直径的铁柱相比。
rites-rite
n.仪式
In addition, there were performers, and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.
此外，表演还需要演员，而且为了避免在表演中出错，通常都由宗教领袖承担这一职责。
recognized-recognize
v.认出, 识别
recognition
n.认出, 识别
More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 185O's,
18世纪50年代以来，10多年的努力确实最终让大部分行业每天的工作日缩短到10小时，
and the courts also recognized workers' right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.
并且法院也认识到了工人们罢工的权利，但是,这些努力的成果并没有产生立竿见影的影响.
prior
adj.在先的
priority
n.先, 优先
It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
这要包括在1957年之前，高出生率时期出生的儿童。
primitive
n.原始人adj.原始的
In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants,
在这种观点中，原始的脉管植物最先在大陆的水系周围形成群落，以植物为食的动物跟着出现，
and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eater.
最后捕食素食动物的捕食者出现。
