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president
n.总统；院长
presidency
n.总统职位
presidential
adj.总统的
The Lewis and Clark expedition, sponsored by President Jefferson, was the most important official examination of the high plains and the Northwest before the War of 1812.
由杰弗逊总统支持的刘易斯和克拉克远征发生在1812年独立战争之前，它是对高平原以及西北部地区最为重要的一次官方科考行动。
ordinary
adj.平常的
extraordinary
adj.非常的
Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.
普通气象水会从地表、雨雪湖泊和河川渗入地下。
minerals-mineral
n.矿物adj.矿物的
Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development.
研究表明，某些矿物质是植物正常生长发育所必需的。
livestock
n.家畜
This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.
在某些地区，家畜是人们的主要经济来源，大量土地因此而遭受过度放牧风险。
introductory
adj.介绍性的
An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
上述信息对文章大意进行了介绍。
financial
adj.财政的
Financial problems loomed large in both the North and the South.
南方和北方都遭遇了财务困难。
employed-employ
v.雇用；使从事于；使用
employees-employee
n.职员
employment
n.雇用, 工作
employers-employer
n.老板
Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed.
托马斯·纽科门赋予了革命性的工作原理，但其效率低下且浪费燃料，无法在煤矿以外的地区使用，这与最初的设计期望背道而驰。
ecological
adj.生态的
Large meteorite impacts, such as one at the end of the Cretaceous period, can seriously affect climate, ecological niches, plants, and animals.
例如白垩纪末期发生的破坏型陨石撞击，它对气候、生态位、动植物造成了严重影响。
distribution
n.配给物；分发
distributed-distribute
v.分发；分配
Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress.
比方说雕塑必须牢固，这就需要了解质量，重力分部和压力的性质。
cucumber
n.黄瓜
Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber.
没有哪种海洋生物比海深更独特。
canopy
n.帐篷
Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily,
小型爬行动物可以轻易爬上树梢，
but it is harder for them than for large climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from on tree crown to the next that typify the high canopy.
但与大型爬行动物相比，它们跨越树冠“鸿沟”时会异常艰难。
conducted-conduct
n.行为；指导v.引导；管理
conductor
n.领导者
The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed,
也许研究者帕特丽夏·赖斯和安·派特森所做研究的结果
perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson.
更清楚地揭示了法国西南部的岩洞画的特殊象征性意义。
appealing-appeal
v.要求； 吸引n.请求；吸引力
Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor.
任何一个党派若只讨好穷人或富人都不可能赢得选举。
academy
n.学院
academic
n.学者adj.学院的
Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster,
除了要长久存在，美国艺术与文学学会的唯一宗旨是“培育、
assist and sustain an interest" in literature ,music, and art.
协助以及保持”对文学、音乐和艺术的兴趣。
