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Explain how the example from the lecture illustrates the concept of swarm intelligence.
请用课上所举例子解释说明群集智能的概念。
Read a passage from a biology textbook.
阅读下面选自生物学课本上的一篇文章。
You will have 50 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
你有50秒的时间阅读。现在请开始阅读。
Now listen to a lecture on this topic in a biology class.
现在请听生物课上关于这个话题的部分内容。
OK, we can see a great example of this with ants.
这个话题极佳的例子就是蚂蚁。
Ants live in large groups called colonies.
蚂蚁生活在巨大的群体里，这个群体被称之为集群。
They normally move together to get to food sources.
它们一般集体出动去寻找食物。
And sometimes when the ants are moving toward food source, they'll encounter, find an obstacle in their path.
有时候当蚂蚁们朝着食物行进时，路上会遇到一些阻碍。
So, for instance, let's say a large number of ants are walking on a tree toward some food on a branch.
举个例子来说，假设一大群蚂蚁正在树上朝着一根树枝上的某种食物前进。
But when they reach the end of the branch they are walking on,
但是当它们到达所在树枝的末端时，
there's a wide space between that branch and the next one, the branch with the food on it.
发现这根树枝和有食物的那根树枝之间空着很大一块地方。
Now, none of these ants alone can cross this wide space to get to the other branch with the food.
此时，没有任何一只蚂蚁可以单独跨过这个空隙到达食物所在的那根树枝。
So, how did they solve this problem?
所以，它们会如何解决这个难题呢？
Here's how: one ant walks forward until it reaches the end of the branch and then automatically holds onto the branch with its back legs.
它们是这么做的：首先一只蚂蚁走上前直到它到达树枝末端为止，然后自动用后腿勾住树枝。
Then it stretches its body forward into the open space.
向着前方的空隙展开身体。
Now, this comes naturally to ants and it's a simple action.
这个动作对蚂蚁来说得心应手，再简单不过了。
So then the next ant walks to the end of the branch and right across the first ant's body.
接着另一只蚂蚁也走向树枝末端并从第一只蚂蚁的身体上走过。
Then it holds onto the first ant and then it stretches its body out into the open space,
然后它紧抓住第一只蚂蚁，把身体向空隙处伸展。
just a little bit closer to the branch with the food on it.
这样就有一点接近有食物的那根树枝了。
Then, one after another, other ants do the same thing until enough ants connect together to form a bridge between the two branches.
随后，蚂蚁们一只接一只地重复前面两只蚂蚁的动作，直到它们用身体在两根树枝间搭起了一座桥为止。
Pretty amazing, huh? The connected ants hold this position allowing the rest of the ants in the group to cross over this bridge of ants to reach the food.
太了不起了，对吗？相互连接着的蚂蚁们会一直保持这个姿势以让群体里剩下的蚂蚁通过这座它们用身体搭成的桥来拿到食物。
