艾尚托福阅读，我们一起背单词第17期：TPO22-3(1-6)

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今天我们讲解托福TPO22-3 (1-6) The Allende Meteorite 的第1题到第6题需要重点记忆的单词

7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true about the minerals found in the refractory inclusions EXCEPT在耐高温的内含物中发现的矿物质，下面哪一项是不正确的？

题干单词：
refractory adj. 难治的；难熔的 （托福）
inclusion n. 内含物 （托福）

A选项/C选项对应原文：they are composed of minerals uncommon on earth, all rich in calcium, aluminum, and titanium, the most refractory (resistant to melting) of the major elements in the nebular.它们是由地球上罕见的矿物质构成的，富含calcium, aluminum, 和titanium， 它们是星云中最耐高温（耐熔化的）的主要元素。

重点单词：
be composed of 由…构成
element n. 成分；元素 （高中）

A选项：These minerals are among the most resistant to melting of all the major elements in the solar nebular.
C选项：These minerals are among the least commonly found elements on Earth.
B选项对应原文：The same minerals [that occur in refractory inclusions] are believed to be the earliest-formed substances <to have condensed out of the solar nebular>.这些出现在耐高温的内含物中的矿物质被认为是太阳星云中最早凝结而成的物质。

重点单词：
substance n. 物质；实质 （CET4）
condense v. 浓缩；凝结 （CET4）
B选项：These minerals are believed to be some of the first elements to have condensed out of solar nebula.
D选项没有选项对应

8. The word “pristine” in the passage is closest in meaning to
定位原文：
At one time it was thought that these matrix grains might be pristine nebular dust, the sort of stuff from which chondrules and inclusions were made.

重点单词：
pristine adj. 原始的；干净的；纯粹的；未开发的；（托福）
sort n. 种类；方式 v. 分类；协调 （高中）
stuff n. 东西；材料；素材资料

定位原文：
At one time it was thought ［that these matrix grains might be pristine nebular dust］, the sort of stuff ［from which chondrules and inclusions were made］.人们一度认为这些基质颗粒可能只含有纯粹的星云尘埃，也就是形成chondrules和内含物的物质。

选项单词：
A选项：pure adj. 纯的；纯净的；纯粹的 （高中）
B选项：solid adj. 固体的；结实的 （高中）
C选项：ordinary adj. 普通的；（高中）
D选项：trapped adj. 捕获的；收集的 (高中)

9. According to paragraph 5, which of the following is indicated by studies of the mixture <holding the inclusions together>?通过对含有内含物的混合物的研究可以得出什么结论？

定位原文：
However, detailed studies <of the chondrite matrix> suggest [that much of it, too, has been formed <by condensation or melting in the nebular>], although minute amounts <of surviving interstellar dust> are mixed with the processed materials.不过，对于chondrite 基质的细致研究表明多数基质的确是由星云凝结和熔化形成的，但是在这一小部分含有星际尘埃的物质中，还混有一些凝结和熔化的物质。
正确选项：Large amounts of this material were formed by condensation or melting in the nebula.

10. In paragraph 6, why does the author mention that “the sun has many more atoms of any element, say iron, than does a meteorite specimen”?作者为什么会提到“the sun has many more atoms of any element, say iron, than does a meteorite specimen”？

定位原文：
To compare the compositions of a meteorite and the sun, it is necessary that we use ratios of elements rather than simply the abundances of atoms. After all, the sun has many more atoms of any element, say iron, than does a meteorite specimen, but the ratios of iron to silicon in the two kinds of matter might be comparable.

重点单词：
compare v. 比较；比拟（CET4）comparison n. comparable adj.
ratio n. 比率；比例 (CET4)
atom n. 原子 （CET4）
specimen n. 样品；样本 （CET4）

定位原文：
<To compare the compositions of a meteorite and the sun>, it is necessary [that we use ratios of elements rather than simply the abundances of atoms]. After all, the sun has many more atoms of any element, say iron, than does a meteorite specimen, but the ratios of iron to silicon in the two kinds of matter might be comparable.为了比较陨星和太阳的构成，我们需要比较元素的比率，而不是简单的比较原子的丰富程度。毕竟，太阳含有的任何一种原子数都要比一块陨星样本含量多，，但是两者之间的铁和硅是最有可比性的。

正确答案：To explain why a comparison <of the compositions of a meteorite and the sun> has to be done in terms of ratios of elements.

11. According to paragraph 6, the composition <of chondritic meteorite> differs from the composition <of the sun primarily> in 陨石和太阳在构成方面的主要差别是什么？

定位原文：
The major difference is that Allende is depleted in the most volatile elements, like hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and the noble gases, relative to the sun.

重点单词：
deplete v. 耗尽；用尽 （CET6）
volatile adj. 挥发性的；不稳定的 （托福）
noble gas 惰性气体

定位原文：
The major difference is that Allende is depleted in the most volatile elements, like hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and the noble gases, relative to the sun.它们的主要区别在于，相较于太阳，Allende已经耗尽了大多数的挥发性缘元素，比如氢气，碳，氧气，氮气以及其它稀有气体。

正确选项：the relative amount of volatile element.

12. According to paragraph 6, what is the significance of the similarity in composition between chondrites and the sun?chondrite和太阳在构成上具有相似性这一特点有什么意义？

定位原文：
Since practically all the solar system’s mass resides in the sun, this similarity in chemistry means that chondrites have average solar system composition, except for the most volatile elements; they are truly lumps of nebular matter, probably similar in composition to the matter from which planets were assembled.

重点单词：

reside v. 居住；属于；存在于（CET6）
chemistry n. 化学；化学过程 （初中）
lump n. 块； 块状 （CET4）
assemble v. 集合；聚集；构成 （CET4）

定位原文：
Since practically all the solar system’s mass resides in the sun, this similarity in chemistry means that chondrites have average solar system composition, except for the most volatile elements; they are truly lumps of nebular matter, probably similar in composition to the matter from which planets were assembled.由于几乎太阳系所有质量都集中在太阳，所以这种化学构成上的相似性意味着chondites有着一般太阳系结构具有的结构，除了没有大多数的挥发性元素；这些chondrites就是星云物质块，它们在物质上的构成跟行星的构成相似。
正确答案：It indicates what the matter from which planets were formed was probably like.

非常开心能跟大家一起分享背单词，我是艾芳如，我们下次再见！