1、scratch

a、给…搔痒;给…挠痒

He scratched himself under his arm.

他在胳膊下面挠了挠。

The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side.

老人撩起开襟毛衣挠了挠身体的一侧。

b、划伤;划出痕迹

The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face.

树枝刮破了我的夹克，划伤了我的手和脸。

Knives will scratch the worktop.

小刀会在工作台上留下划痕。

c、从零开始;从头做起;白手起家

Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.

建立一个全新的家庭既让人兴奋又富于挑战。

Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.

战后，香港制造业的兴起并非从零开始。

d、触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止

Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem.

官员们说他们只是触及了毒品问题的表面。

We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.

我们只有两周的时间游览马来西亚，连走马观花都来不及。

2、barely

a、刚刚；勉强；仅仅

Anastasia could barely remember the ride to the hospital.

阿纳斯塔西娅几乎记不起来怎么去的医院。

It was 90 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room.

当时气温达到了90度，空调也不能让房间凉快多少。

b、刚刚…（就）

The Boeing 767 had barely taxied to a halt before its doors were flung open.

这架波音767刚刚停住，它的舱门就弹开了。

Barely had the bulldozers started when Museum of London archaeologists swooped.

推土机刚一启动，伦敦博物馆的考古学家们就蜂拥而至了。