preclude exclude include disclose enclose

preclude [pri'klu:d] close=clude
to prevent something or make it impossible, or prevent someone from doing something
vt. 排除；防止,杜绝；妨碍；阻止

例句
The bad weather precluded me from attending the meeting.
糟糕的天气使我不能出席会议。

Their move does not preclude others from investing.
他们这一行动并不影响其他人进行投资.
These conditions preclude our taking part in the negotiations.
这些条件使我们无法参加谈判.

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选
The covenant with Yahweh will also, we shall see soon, preclude alliances with other human competitors.
接下来我们也会看到，与耶和华缔结的契约，同样阻止了和敌人的结盟。

exclude [iks'klu:d]
to deliberately not include sth in what you are doing or considering:
to prevent sb/sth from entering a place or taking part in sth:
to decide that sth is not possible
vt. 排除；排斥；拒绝接纳；逐出

例句
They excluded people under 20 from (joining) the club.
他们拒绝20岁以下的人加入俱乐部。
Employees and their relatives were excluded from participation in the contest.
雇员及其亲属不准参赛。
She was excluded from the club for infractions of the rules.
她因违反规则被开除出俱乐部。

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选
Just like positive psychology does not say "let's exclude " what's not working; let's exclude study of pathology".
就像积极心理学不是说，排除不可行的事,排除病理研究。

include [in'klu:d]
if one thing includes another, it has the second thing as one of its parts
to make sb/sth part of sth
vt. 包含，包括

例句
The price includes both house and furniture.
价钱包括房子和家具。
I include him among my friends.
我把他当作朋友。

disclose [dis'kləuz]
to make something known publicly, or to show something that was hidden
vt. 公开；揭露；使露出,使显露

例句
The lifting of the curtain disclosed a pretty house standing by the riverside.
幕启后露出河边的一幢漂亮的房子。
She refused to disclose her name and address.
她不肯透露自己的姓名和地址。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选
And if you do wish to disclose your name, you certainly can, per the directions on this page.

如果你非常想公开你的名字，你当然也可以，通过这个页面上的指示。

enclose [in'kləuz] en=em使进入某种状态～，使成为～”等

to build a wall, fence, etc. around sth:
(especially of a wall, fence, etc.) to surround sth
to put sth in the same envelope, parcel/package, etc. as sth else:
vt.封闭；包围；围绕；装入；放入封套；附有；含有，包含，包括

例句
The palace is enclosed by a high wall.
皇宫为高墙围住。
Her letter enclosed a check.
她信函内附有一张支票。
She enclosed a check for $ 50 with the letter.
她随函附上50美元的支票一张。

趣味单词

dastard ['dæstəd] 打死他的

1 : COWARD
2 : a person who acts treacherously or underhandedly
A sneaking, malicious coward
n. 懦夫；卑鄙的人