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Have you ever thrown away a sprouty potato?
你曾经扔掉过一个发芽的土豆吗？
It might not seem like a big deal, but that's just one of the 2.9 million potatoes we throw away every day in the UK.
这看起来可能没什么大不了的，这只是我们在英国每天扔掉的290万个土豆之一。
One third of the food produced globally every year goes to waste.
全球每年生产的食物中，会有三分之一被浪费掉。
Imagine that you go to the supermarket and you get three bags of groceries. One of those bags is going directly to waste.
想象一下，你去超市买了三袋食品杂货。其中一袋将直接被浪费掉。
Between our busy lives and sometimes just simply not knowing what to cook, throwing away old food seems inevitable at times, but wasting less food would benefit both the planet and our wallets.
在我们忙碌的生活中，有时甚至只是不知道该做什么菜，扔掉旧食物似乎有时不可避免，但减少食物浪费将有益于地球和我们的钱包。
Food waste has a massive economic impact, with the average household of four people in the UK wasting around ?1,000 worth of food each year.
食物浪费具有巨大的经济影响，在英国，一个四口之家平均每年要浪费价值约1000英镑的食物。
It can't be right, in a world of the 21st Century where 800 million people already struggle to get enough food, that a third of the food produced is lost or wasted, and so many people are going hungry.
在21世纪的世界里，有8亿人已经在为获取足够的食物而挣扎，却有三分之一的食物被损失或浪费，还有如此多的人在挨饿，这实在不应该。
And we can't ignore the impact on the environment.
而且我们不能忽视其对环境的影响。
It's been estimated that if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest greenhouse gas emitter after the US and China.
据估计，如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是继美国和中国之后的第三大温室气体排放国。
You might think that supermarkets were the main culprits here, throwing away unsold products, but in fact...
你可能认为超市是这里的主要罪魁祸首，它们扔掉未售出的产品，但实际上...
Only around 2% of the food waste in the UK happens in supermarkets. The vast majority, around 60%, is in our homes.
在英国，只有大约2%的食物浪费发生在超市。绝大多数，大约60%，发生在我们的家里。
Luckily, there are lots of things we can do to reduce food waste at home.
幸运的是，我们可以在家里做很多事情来减少食物浪费。
By far the most wasted foods in our homes are fresh fruit and veg.
到目前为止，我们家中最常被浪费的食物是新鲜水果和蔬菜。
Planning meals can really help make sure that you're buying what you need, and you're also thinking about how you can use up leftovers, which can make a great lunch or a meal to put in the freezer for another day.
计划膳食确实有助于确保你只购买所需的东西，同时你也会考虑如何用完剩菜，这些剩菜可以做成一份美味的午餐，或者冷冻起来改天再吃。
Understanding what the dates mean on our food packaging can make a big difference to how much food we waste.
理解食品包装上日期的含义对我们浪费食物的多少会产生很大影响。
The 'best before' dates are the ones that tell you that you can rely on your senses to judge if whatever you are consuming is OK for you.
“最佳食用日期”是告诉你，你可以依靠自己的感官来判断所食用的东西是否还好。
Whereas a 'use by' date means that that food has to be used or frozen by that date.
而“保质期”则意味着该食物必须在那个日期之前使用或冷冻。
Putting things in the right place can really help you use your food for longer.
把东西放在正确的地方确实有助于延长食物的食用时间。
So storing apples and potatoes in the fridge, for example, you'll get three months longer to use them.
例如，将苹果和土豆存放在冰箱里，你可以多使用它们三个月。
The only fruit and veg that don't belong in the fridge are onions, bananas and whole fresh pineapple.
唯一不适合放在冰箱里的水果和蔬菜是洋葱、香蕉和整个的新鲜菠萝。
We chuck away around 25 million slices of bread every day in the UK from our homes, and bread is best stored in a cupboard or on the side, and not in the fridge, and that means it'll stay fresher for longer.
在英国，我们每天会从家中扔掉大约2500万片面包，而面包最好存放在橱柜或台面上，而不是冰箱里，这意味着它能保鲜更长时间。
But also, you can freeze bread and use it straight from the freezer for toast.
而且，你也可以冷冻面包，直接从冷冻状态取出来做吐司。
If you've got a fridge with a temperature display, it's worth checking that it's 5 degrees or lower.
如果你的冰箱有温度显示，值得检查一下它是否在5摄氏度或更低。
Most people in the UK have fridges that are slightly too warm, and what that means is that food doesn't last as long.
在英国，大多数人的冰箱温度都略高，这意味着食物保存的时间不会那么长。
And we could learn a thing or two from ancient techniques. Fermentation allows us to turn yeast into beer and cabbage into kimchi.
我们可以从古老的技术中学到一两招。发酵让我们可以把酵母变成啤酒，把卷心菜变成泡菜。
Pickling can also preserve food by using salt, vinegar and sometimes sugar to stop the bacteria that spoil it from growing.
腌制也可以通过使用盐、醋，有时还有糖来阻止导致食物变质的细菌生长，从而保存食物。
Whilst in richer countries like the UK, there's a lot we can do to minimise food waste at home, the situation is rather different in poorer countries, where food is mainly wasted at the farming stage.
虽然在英国等较富裕国家，我们可以在家里做很多事情来尽量减少食物浪费，但在较贫穷国家的情况则大不相同，那里的食物主要是在种植阶段被浪费的。
In India, for example, where 195 million people are undernourished, 67 million tonnes of food are wasted every year due to weather, lack of proper storage, or pests.
例如在印度，有1.95亿人营养不良，每年却有6700万吨食物因天气、缺乏适当的储存或害虫而被浪费。
There are some scientific developments that could help. Bioactive packaging, for example, releases enzymes or antioxidants to change the surface of the food and increase its shelf life.
有一些科学进展可能有所帮助。例如，生物活性包装会释放酶或抗氧化剂来改变食物表面，从而延长其保质期。
There's also GM, or genetically modified foods that have had their DNA altered to make them more nutritious or last longer, although there is still some scepticism about it.
还有转基因食品（GM），即通过改变其DNA使其更有营养或保质期更长，尽管对此仍存在一些质疑。
A number of years ago there was new ways of treating bread, so that a sliced loaf could last for 60 days.
几年前出现了处理面包的新方法，使得一条切片面包可以保存60天。
There was quite a lot of consumer scepticism because in some sense, a loaf of bread that lasts 60 days, something has happened to it and it's no longer natural.
当时消费者质疑声很大，因为在某种意义上，一条能保存60天的面包，肯定是被处理过了，不再天然。
The more that you get to things that people feel nervous about, the more likely it is that a technology solution will not necessarily receive widespread acceptance by citizens and consumers.
人们越是对某样东西感到不安，技术解决方案就越不一定能被公民和消费者广泛接受。
Tim Benton believes the global food system as a whole needs looking at.
蒂姆·本顿认为，全球食品体系作为一个整体需要审视。
Our current food system is highly dysfunctional, and we have developed it around the notion that the world needs ever more food, and we need to make it ever cheaper.
我们当前的食品体系功能严重失调，我们是在“世界需要越来越多食物、我们需要让食物越来越便宜”的观念下发展起来该体系的。
In many high-income countries like the UK, food is economically rational to waste, so our time is often more precious than the money that we have.
在英国等许多高收入国家，浪费食物在经济上是理性的，因此我们的时间通常比我们拥有的金钱更宝贵。
So we buy food, we shove it in the fridge, we find a slimy bag of lettuce a week later and we throw it away.
所以我们买食物，塞进冰箱，一周后发现一袋发黏的生菜，然后我们就把它扔掉。
If you respect food and you're less willing to throw it away, then that is the big mind shift that I think is necessary.
如果你尊重食物，更不愿意扔掉它，那么我认为这就是必要的心态大转变。
Rather than importing food from across the planet -- avocados from Peru and chicken from Thailand -- Tim argues we need to grow more food locally.
蒂姆认为，与其从全球各地进口食物--从秘鲁进口牛油果，从泰国进口鸡肉--我们更需要在本土种植更多食物。
I think there is an element that the more local you are, the more it fosters respect for food and therefore, indirectly, you're less likely to want to waste it.
我认为存在这样一种因素：越本地化，就越能培养对食物的尊重，因此间接地，你就不太可能想要浪费它。
So you can imagine a world where we reset the food system and where waste is no longer an issue -- we would save more biodiversity, we would reduce our greenhouse gases, we could reset the relationship between people and food.
所以你可以想象这样一个世界：我们重建了食品体系，浪费不再是一个问题--我们将保护更多的生物多样性，减少温室气体排放，并重塑人与食物之间的关系。
We can't tackle climate change if we don't fix the food system. And we need to treat food like the precious resource that it is.
如果我们不修复食品体系，就无法应对气候变化。我们需要像对待宝贵资源一样对待食物。
