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I think that, you know, taste hierarchies do exist and they're almost always the kind of the representation of other sorts of hierarchies and assumptions.
我认为，你知道，品味等级确实存在，而且它们几乎总是其他等级和假设的代表。
And that's why I really think that part of the job of criticism is to be against them, is to refuse, at least the categorization of things as high and low.
这就是为什么我真的认为批评的一部分工作就是反对它们，就是拒绝，至少是拒绝把事物分为高和低。
I think it was Duke Ellington who's often quoted as saying, "There are two kinds of music; good music and bad in music."; And everything else is kind of sociology and politics and prejudice and snobbery kind of sneaking in.
我想艾灵顿公爵经常说，“有两种音乐；音乐有好有坏。”其他的一切都是社会学，政治学，偏见和势利的东西。
And we're none of us immune to those things. We live in the world we associate with, who we associate with; we identify ourselves as we identify ourselves.
我们没有人对这些免疫。我们生活在这个世界，我们与人产生联系，我们认识自己。
But I think that the job of critics and of criticism is to kind of to push against that.
但是我认为评论家和批评的工作就是要反对这一点。
And it has just even historically been the job of critics very often or of criticism to insist on the value and the dignity and the importance of works of art and types of works of art that had been neglected or ignored or disrespected.
从历史上来看，为被忽视，被忽略，被低估的艺术作品和艺术品类型坚守价值，尊严和重要地位一直是批评家的工作。
And it's in fact the rise of criticism, within any of those arts, that gets it to be taken seriously. Movies are a great example.
事实上，批评的兴起，在任何一种艺术中，都使得它被严肃对待。电影就是一个很好的例子。
I mean movies, you know, nobody took movies seriously except like maybe in Germany in the '20s as an art form.
我是说电影，你知道，没有人把电影当回事，除了20年代的德国，电影是一种艺术形式。
And it was critics first in France and then in the United States after the Second World War who said well look now, this junk that's been coming out of Hollywood actually, this is a significant modern art form.
第二次世界大战后，先是法国，然后是美国的评论家说，看，这些好莱坞的垃圾实际上，是一种重要的现代艺术形式。
These people whose names you just see in the credits, Howard Hawks, Alfred Hitchcock, John Ford, Orson Welles, these are artists. This is art.
这些人的名字你可以在演职员表中看到，霍华德·霍克斯，阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克，约翰·福特，奥森·威尔斯，这些都是艺术家。这是艺术。
And it was critics who were able to do that and I think jazz critics and rock critics and people who have written about hip-hop and television have done that work too of recategorizing and redefining and challenging the hierarchical assumptions about what has value, what is high art and what is low.
评论家能够做到这些，我认为爵士乐评论家，摇滚乐评论家和嘻哈音乐及电视的写作者也重新分类，重新定义，挑战了什么是有价值，什么是高等艺术，什么是低等艺术的等级偏见。
The thing that's great about movies is that they are high and low and that they run, you know, there's a very wide spectrum from the most crassly commercial genre of products and the most refined and difficult works of art.
电影的伟大之处在于它有高有低，而且你知道，从最粗俗的商业类型的产品到最精致、最难懂的艺术作品，它的范围很广。
And the thing that you discover when you write about criticism is that sometimes the ones that are very low are actually, you know, fantastic works of art and the ones that are very high can be just as terrible and a hacky and stupid as anything else.
当你写评论的时候，你会发现，有时候那些评论很差的，实际上是非常棒的艺术作品，而那些评论很好的，和别的一样糟糕，粗俗，愚蠢。
