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Sometimes we may feel that we, ourselves, aren't very creative.
有时我们可能会觉得自己不是很有创造力。
And, in fact, I saw a movie, The Gambler, with Mark Wahlberg and he's an English teacher
实际上，我看过一部电影《赌棍》，马克·沃尔伯格在里边饰演一名英语老师，
and he looks at the class and he says, 'If you're not a genius, don't even try.'
他看着班上的学生说，“如果你不是天才，就不要去尝试。”
And I can't think of more horrible advice to give anybody.
这简直是我能想到的最可怕的建议。
The fact of the matter is we all are born with a creative license. We have this software running in our brains.
事实上，我们生来就有创造力。我们的大脑中运行着创造力的软件。
When I look at my heroes in composition they are all incredible risk takers.
当我看着我心目中的英雄时，他们都是不可思议的冒险家。
And it's a constant reminder that you can't introduce something new to the world and be certain of the results.
它不断地提醒你，你不可能怀着对结果深信不疑的态度把新东西带给这个世界。
And so tolerating the risk, living with the risk, even enjoying it is again part of being a creative person.
所以容忍风险，与风险共存，甚至享受风险也是一个创造力的一部分。
And that's something that you have to train in young people.
你应该培养年轻人的这一观点。
One of the ways you do that is you praise their effort, not necessarily the results.
方法之一就是赞扬他们的努力而非结果。
And you honor the fact that oh my goodness, you were willing to go out there and try that and try that and try that,
你要尊重这样一个事实：你愿意去尝试各种各样的事物，
things you've never done before and maybe no one else has done before.
各种你从前没有做过，甚至没人任何人尝试过的事情。
Okay, it didn't pan out but what an extraordinary effort.
虽然没有成功，但是你所付出的努力值得赞扬。
And one of the ways you can do this is the curriculum, for instance, is through something called sandboxing,
例如在课堂上，利用沙盒化方法——
where let's say you've given an assignment in a class and you say look, first step,
给学生们布置一个任务，
everybody come up with eight possible solutions to this problem.
首先让每位同学想出8种解决问题的方法。
But I'm not going to grade them but you and I will have a conversation about
但是我不会给他们评分，我会和学生进行一次谈话
which ones are more successful and which ones are less successful.
问问他们觉得哪种方法更成功，哪些没那么成功。
And I'll give you some feedback and I'll listen to what you feel about it. You can tell me your favorite was number three.
我会给大家一些反馈，我会听大家的想法。比如，你可以告诉我，你最喜欢第三个。
I can say five looks pretty awesome.
我可以说我觉得第五个不错。
And then together we'll decide which one you develop to completion and that's the one you'll get graded on.
然后我们会一起决定你要完成哪一项，我再根据这个评分。
And that gives the student the permission to try all sorts of crazy things
这可以让学生尝试各种疯狂的事情
without worrying about being evaluated and give them an opportunity to take risks without having the consequence of a grade.
同时不用担心被评估，也给了他们在不用担心成绩的情况下冒险的机会。
It's one of the problems with standardized testing in the schools for instance
这是学校标准化考试存在的问题之一
because there is a premium on coming up with the right answer as fast as possible.
因为尽快想出正确答案是有好处的。
And coming up with wrong answers is a total waste of time and has absolutely no value.
并且错误的答案完全是在浪费时间，且绝对没有任何价值。
The only thing is to point yourself exactly at the right answer. And creativity works essentially on almost a 180 on that.
唯一要做的就是让自己找到正确的答案。而创造力完全不同。
That the whole idea is to spend as much time as possible proliferating options,
创造力的整体思想就是花尽可能多的时间来增加选择，
having standards of judgment which vary from field to field as to which ones deserve to be developed to completion.
对不同领域的选择有不同的判断标准，以决定哪些选择值得完成。
And then letting all the other ones go but with gratitude that they gave you a full spectrum of possibilities.
然后放弃其他的选择，并感激它们带给你的所有的可能性。
So what's most important is that we have to give every child the chance to take, receive knowledge
所以最重要的是，我们给了每个孩子接受知识的机会
and use it as a springboard and to use it as a launching pad to experiment, to try out things their own way.
并把它当做跳板，把它当作实验的发射台，让他们用自己的方式去尝试。
To take what we treasure from the past and totally remodel it and redesign it.
从过去汲取我们所珍视的东西，对它进行彻底的改造和重新设计。
When we do that we will have a thriving culture and society of innovation.
这样做的话，我们将拥有一个繁荣的文化和创新的社会。
