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Hi again. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
欢迎来到英格威英语学习网。我是亚当。
Today's lesson is, again, everybody's favourite: phrasal verbs.
今天的课程是，大家的最爱：动词短语。
Today we're going to look at phrasal verbs using the verb "back".
今天我们来学习“back”有关的动词短语。
And again, as always a review: phrasal verb is a combination of a verb plus a preposition.
再复习一遍，动词短语是动词和借此组成的短语。
So today we're looking at "back up", "back away", "back down", "back off", "back in", "back into", and "back out".
今天我们来学习“back up”，“back away”，“back down”，“back off”，“back in”，“back into”，还有“back out”。
You will hear these in everyday speech, just like most phrasal verbs are very commonly used.
你在日常的演讲中会听到这些单词，就像常用的多数动词短语一样。
And unfortunately, you just have to remember them and use them.
不幸的是，你只需记住它们，使用它们。
So let's start with "back up". Most of you, I think, know "back up" from using a computer.
我们来以“back up”开始。我觉得，大多数人都是通过使用电脑知道这个短语的。
If you have lots of files on your computer, maybe you download some things,
如果你电脑上有很多文件，也许你下载了一些东西，
maybe you have some projects on your desktop - you don't want to lose these,
也许你桌面上有一些项目，你不想丢失这些文件，
so you want to back them up on a hard disk, or a CD, or a USB stick, whatever the case.
所以你就把它们拷在硬盘上，或是CD上，或是内存盘上，
So "to back up" means to make a copy of your files.
备份就是将文件复制一份。
Okay? "Back up" can also mean exactly what the words mean: back up, to go backwards.
“back up”也有其字面上的意思：往后退，退后。
Okay? You can back up your car, it means just go back a bit, back yourself up a little bit.
你可以使你的车往后退，意思是往后退一点，
Now, "back up", a very common use is support.
“back up”一个很常见的应用就是支持。
If your friend is going to do something dangerous, like mountain climbing, maybe you want to go to the top of the mountain to back him up.
如果你的朋友要做什么危险的事，比如爬山，那也许你就想爬上山顶支持他。
You're going to hold the rope, you're going to give him support.
你要握住绳子，给它支持。
Okay? You're going to make sure he doesn't hurt himself. It could also mean "reinforce".
你要确保他不会受伤。它还有“加强”的意思。
Excuse me. So, for example, if police are chasing a criminal and the criminal has some friends with guns,
抱歉。比如，如果警察在追赶一个罪犯，而且这个罪犯的朋友有枪，
the police will call headquarters and ask them to send some backup.
警察就会呼叫总部，请他们派人支援。
So, in that case, we're going to use it as one word.
在这个情况下，我们将它当作一个单词使用。
So "backup" means reinforcements; extra police to come and back up the first police officers to support them to make sure everybody's okay.
“backup”意思就是增援。额外的警察会到来支持第一批警察，确保大家的安全。
"Back away". So, "back away" is similar... A little similar to "back up", except we just say: "Back away."
“back away”。它和“back up”有点相似，除了我们会说：“back away”。
So let's say somebody fainted on the ground, and I am trying to give CPR.
比如，有人晕倒在地上，我尝试给他做心肺复苏。
And I'm trying to help this person, and suddenly, a crowd comes.
我试图去救这个人，突然间，一群人来了。
So I say to everybody: "Okay. Back away, back away." It means: get away, move.
所以我就对大家说：“闪开，闪开。”意思是：走开。
Okay? Very simple. Very straightforward. "Back away". "Back down", now, you come to me and you start an argument.
很简单。这就是“back away”。“back down”。你走过来，开始争论。
You think that A is correct. I think that B is correct, and we argue, argue, argue until finally one of us backs down.
你认为A是正确的。我认为B是正确的。我们就争论，争论。直到有一个人让步。
Now, "to back down" means to retreat or to go back from a confrontation. A little bit like "give up", but not give up.
“to back down”意思是撤退或者避免正面冲突。有点像放弃，但不是放弃。
Means I become weaker, you become stronger, and you're going to win the argument.
意思是我变更弱，你变更强，你将要赢得争论。
So, "to back down" means a little bit to give up on a fight.
“to back down”有点“放弃争斗”的意思。
Okay. Okay, we'll leave that one there. "Back off".
好，这个就说道这里。“back off”。
Now, "back off" is similar to "back away", except if I tell people to "back away",
“back off”和“back away”有些相似，除了我对人说“back away”的情况。
it means to get back and make some space, but if I say to "back off", it means you're threatening me.
它的意思是后退，制造一些空间，但是如果我说“back off”的话，意思是你威胁到我了。
I feel you're trying to hurt me or you're trying to do something bad to me, and I get angry and I say: "Back off.
我觉得你想伤害我，或者你想对我做什么坏事，我很生气，我就说说：“退后。
Don't make me angry, because we'll start a fight, or something will happen, and we don't want that, so back off."
别惹我生气，因为我们会打架的，或者会发生什么事，我们不希望这样，所以给我后退。”
Be very careful about the pronunciation: "back off" sounds like a little something else off, but it's not.
发音要注意：“back off”听起来像是省略了什么，但其实没有。
It just means go away; don't bother me, don't fight with me. "Back in".
意思就是退后，不要打扰我，不要和我打架。“back in”。
Now, very limited uses for this one, but let's say you're driving a car and there's a parking spot there,
这个短语的用法非常有限，假如说，你在开车，这里有一个停车场，
so you want to back into it, like you want to do a parallel park.
你想倒进去，来一个平行停车。
Or you want to go into the garage, but you don't want to go forward, so you back the car into the garage.
或者你想开进车库，但是你不想往前开，所以你就倒进车库。
Okay? "Back into", also, means the same as "back in".
“back into”，也和“back in”相同。
Like you can back into a spot or into a space, but also we use "back into", it means as you're moving back, you hit something.
你可以退到一个地方，但是我们也使用“back into”，意思是你在后退时碰到了什么东西。
So you backed into the wall. Okay? You backed into the trash can, etc.
比如你碰到了墙。你碰到了垃圾桶，等等。
"Back out" is one of the most commonly used phrasal verbs with "back".
“back out”是最常见的“back”动词短语之一。
"To back out" means to change your mind at the last second.
“to back out”意思是在最后一秒改变主意。
You made a promise, and then you backed out. You made an agreement, and then you backed out.
你做了一个承诺，然后你就变卦了。你达成了一个协议，然后你就变卦了。
It means you've changed your mind, and you've decided not to continue with this agreement.
意思是你改变主意了，你决定不继续履行协议了。
So, for example, you had a contract with a company, you're going to work for a company.
比如，你和一家公司签订了协议，你就为这家公司合作。
Another company comes and says: "I'll give you a better offer", so you back out of that contract, you say: "Sorry, no thank you", and you go to the other one.
另一家公司对你说：“我给你一个更好的合同”，所以你退出了那个合同，你说：“抱歉，谢谢你。”然后你就去了另一家公司。
Okay? So, some phrasal verbs with "back". There'll be... There are plenty of these phrasal verbs.
这就是一些和“back”有关的动词短语。有很多这些动词短语。
There's a quiz on www.engvid.com that you can go and practice these, make sure you understand them correctly.
英格威网站上有一个测验，你可以去那里练习，确保你正确理解他们。
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and come back again soon. Bye-bye.
别忘了订阅我的油管频道，欢迎下次回来观看。再见。
