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Eclipses are spectacular astronomic events that have been gluing eyes to the skies for millennia.
天食是一种壮观的天文现象，几千年来一直让人们关注着。
You might know that there are two major kinds, the solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse.
你可能知道有两种主要的：日食和月食。
A lunar eclipse is what happens when the Earth passes between the sun and the moon, and a solar eclipse is what happens when a celestial dragon devours the sun.
月食是指地球经过太阳和月球之间时发生的，而日食是指天龙吞噬太阳时发生的。
Well, that's what people in ancient China claimed, anyway.
好吧，那是中国古代的人说的。
Their tradition held that a dragon would attack and swallow the sun, but could be driven away by loud noises from the people on Earth.
他们的传统认为，龙会攻击和吞噬太阳，但可以被地球上人们产生的巨大噪音赶走。
Many cultures believed some supernatural creature was attempting to eat the sun during an eclipse.
许多文化认为某些超自然生物试图在日食期间吃掉太阳。
Lucky for us, they never succeeded.
幸运的是，他们从未成功过。
Today, we know that a solar eclipse is when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun.
今天，我们知道日食是指月球经过地球和太阳之间发生的。
Not as interesting as a dragon, of course.
当然，没有龙的故事那么有趣。
The moon's shadow, or umbra, is cast on the Earth, and anyone in the area of the shadow sees an eclipse.
月球的阴影或本影投射在地球上，任何在阴影区域的人都能看到日食。
And yes, a lunar eclipse is when the Earth passes between the sun and the moon.
是的，月食是指地球经过太阳和月球之间时发生的。
The Earth casts its shadow on the moon, which makes the moon appear dark from Earth.
地球在月球上投下阴影，这使得从地球上看月球是黑暗的。
And you've probably heard of a total eclipse of the sun or the moon, but a total solar eclipse and a total lunar eclipse are actually pretty different.
你可能听说过日全食或月全食，但日全食和月全食实际上是完全不同的。
The Earth is a lot bigger than the moon. A lot.
地球比月球大得多。很多。
So when the moon casts its shadow on the Earth during a solar eclipse, its shadow doesn't fall on the entire planet.
因此，在日食期间，当月球的影子投射到地球上时，它的影子不会落满整个地球。
Instead, its umbra moves across the Earth.
相反，它的本影在地球上移动。
People in the path of the umbra may see a total solar eclipse.
本影路径上的人可能会看到一次日全食。
People along the edges, though, will only see a partial eclipse.
然而，边缘地区的人们只能看到日偏食。
The moon will obscure the sun, but not block it entirely.
月亮会遮住太阳，但不会完全挡住它。
And in some places, people won't see an eclipse at all.
在一些地方，人们根本看不到日食。
On the other hand, when a total lunar eclipse occurs, where you are on earth doesn't make much difference.
另一方面，当月全食发生时，你在地球上的位置并没有太大的不同。
The Earth is so much bigger than the moon that you'll be able to see a total lunar eclipse anywhere on the night side of the Earth while it's happening.
地球比月球大得多，当月全食发生时，夜晚你可以在地球的任何地方看到月全食。
But you can still get a partial lunar eclipse.
但你仍然可以看到月偏食。
Sometimes, the moon passes along the edge of the Earth's shadow, a dim area called the penumbra.
有时，月球沿着地球阴影的边缘经过，这是一个被称为半影的昏暗区域。
There's also a phenomenon known as an annular eclipse.
还有一种现象称为日环食。
People don't talk about annular eclipses too often, which is too bad, because they're awesome.
人们不会太频繁地谈论日环食，这太糟糕了，因为日环食太壮观了。
An annular eclipse is a solar eclipse that occurs when the Earth's orbit brings it relatively close to the sun at the same time that the moon's orbit takes it relatively far from the Earth.
日环食是日食的一种，当地球在相对接近太阳的轨道位置，而月球在相对远离地球的轨道位置时，就会发生日环食。
When that happens, the sun appears larger than the moon in the sky.
当这种情况发生时，天空中的太阳看起来比月亮更大。
And so a ring of sunlight is visible around the moon at the height of the eclipse.
因此，在发生日食时，月球周围可以看到一圈太阳光。
There are no annular lunar eclipses, because the Earth is so big that its umbra always appears larger than the moon.
没有月环食，因为地球太大了，它的本影看起来总是比月球大。
The moon literally can't get out of the Earth's shadow.
月球真的无法摆脱地球的阴影。
So next time you hear about an eclipse on the news, you'll know that, in a solar eclipse, the moon passes in front of the sun and casts its shadow on the Earth.
所以下次你在新闻上听到日食的时候，你就会知道，在日食中，月亮从太阳前面经过，把它的影子投射到地球上。
In a lunar eclipse, the Earth passes between the sun and the moon, casting its shadow on the moon.
在月食中，地球经过太阳和月球之间，把它的影子投在月球上。
But if you want to pretend a celestial dragon is involved, we won't blame you.
但如果你想假装与天龙有关，我们也不会责怪你。
Stay curious.
保持好奇心。
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