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And what would you say to employers that say, “But we can do all of that without unions”?
你会对那些说“但我们没有工会也能做到”的雇主说些什么？
It hasn’t worked.
但这并没有奏效。
Just go out there and talk with your own employees about the forms of voice that they want today.
只要走出去，和你自己的员工谈论他们今天想要的声音形式。
And they will tell you, “Don’t try and lead from the top down.”
他们会告诉你，“不要试图自上而下地领导。”
In law firms and other professional companies where there are partnerships, these partners operate as independent and often equal voices.
在律师事务所和其他有合伙关系的专业公司中，这些合伙人通常是作为独立的、平等的声音运作。
They don’t necessarily always agree, but they know that they are part of an overall entity.
他们不一定总是意见一致，但他们知道自己是一个整体的一部分。
And by bringing their collective voices together, they are -stronger and they are more productive.
通过将他们的集体声音聚集在一起，他们变得更强大，他们的生产力也更高。
And they learn to respect the differences and to work them through in new ways.
他们学会尊重差异，并以新的方式解决这些差异。
And that’s where we need to go as a management community.
这就是我们作为一个管理团体需要去做的。
That’s where we need to go as a society.
这就是我们作为一个社会需要去做的。
And why do we need to go that?
我们为什么要这么做呢？
Because that’s what our workforce expects today, particularly the younger workers who don’t know about the laws of labor management relations, and could care less about what issues they have a legal right to discuss and negotiate, and what issues are of greatest concern to them.
因为这是我们今天的劳动力所期待的，特别是年轻工人，他们不知道劳动管理关系的法律，不太关心他们有什么法律权利来讨论和谈判，什么问题是他们最关心的。
So I’d love to dig into your research on the impact of unionizing, both for workers and organizations.
因此，我很乐意深入研究你们关于成立工会对工人和组织的影响的研究。
First, how does it affect employees, sort of the pros and the cons?
首先，从利弊两方面来说它对员工有什么影响？
Well, there’s no question that historically the effects of unions on workers is to increase their wages, and provide better benefits, and provide a security if they are discriminated against or fired illegally.
毫无疑问，从历史上看，工会对工人的影响是提高他们的工资，提供更好的福利，并在他们受到歧视或非法解雇时提供保障。
On average, unions increase wages for workers between 5 and 15%.
平均来说，工会将工人的工资提高了5%至15%。
For low wage workers, for women, for minorities, those percentages are greater.
对于低薪工人、女性和少数族裔来说，这一比例更高。
So there’s no question historically, that’s been the case.
毫无疑问，历史上就是这样。
Now that varies by the business cycle and so on, but that’s a large part of what unions do.
这会随着商业周期的不同而有所不同，但这是工会工作的一大部分。
But today, you also see another effect.
但今天，你也看到了另一种影响。
And I’ve been a mediator in cases over the last several years where increasingly the issues that are being discussed are diversity, inclusion, and equity.
在过去的几年里，我一直是案件的调解人，在这些案件中，人们讨论的问题越来越多地是多样性、包容性和公平。
And how do we provide opportunities for people who have sometimes been marginalized?
以及我们如何为有时被边缘化的人提供机会？
So we’re seeing the issues in collective bargaining expand as the workforce becomes more diverse and changes.
因此，我们看到，随着劳动力变得更加多样化和变化，集体谈判中的问题正在扩大。
