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But there’s great research by Dominic Packer at Lehigh University that shows that what often leads to principled dissent is someone that strongly identifies with the group and that care so much about the health and longevity of the group, that they’re willing to risk social capital to say something.
但理海大学的多米尼克·帕克做了一项伟大的研究，研究表明会提出原则性异议的人通常是那些对群体有强烈认同感的人，他们非常关心群体的健康和寿命，他们愿意冒着危及社会资本(个人在一种组织结构中所处的位置的价值)的风险来发表意见。
And the other element that really predicts whether something will actually express their view is that they believe that the benefits of speaking outweigh the costs of saying nothing and staying silent and sticking with the herd.
另一个真正能预测原则性异议是否能表达他们观点的因素是，他们认为说话的好处大于什么也不说、大于保持沉默以及大于随波逐流所付出的代价。
Okay, so let’s take one step back.
好的，让我们后退一步。
What do you define as principled insubordination versus unprincipled?
你如何定义原则性不服从与非原则性不服从呢?
I have this equation where you get these multiple elements in there.
有这样一个方程，里面包含多个元素。
So you’re talking about deviance from popular sentiments or the orthodoxy of the group, and that could be in the workplace, at a school, in your neighborhood with your friends.
你谈论着的是偏离大众观点，或者偏离群体普遍接受的观点，可能发生在职场、学校、街坊领居、也可能发生在你朋友身上。
Then there’s an element of are you contributing to the welfare of the group, versus this is just self-focused and self-absorbed?
还有一个元素是，你是否为群体的幸福做出了贡献，而不只是以自我为中心，只关注自我?
And the other element that’s there is that is this authentic?
另一个元素是不服从是出于真心吗?
Are you doing this because this is core to your values and what the utopian more ideal world you imagine being?
你这样做是因为这是你价值观的核心？是你想象中的乌托邦理想世界？
Or are you doing this for likability and status points?
还是你这么做是为了讨人喜欢、提升地位?
And you put those elements together and you get someone that’s willing to disagree and speak out against dysfunctional norms, beliefs, or ideas.
你把这些元素放在一起，你就会得到一个愿意反对异常规范、观点或想法的人。
In my experience, particularly in the workplace, people who dissent or challenge or provoke, they are still punished for it in some way even when it’s coming from a principled position.
根据我的经验，特别是职场上那些持不同意见、挑战或惹怒他人的人，他们仍会因此受到某种方式的惩罚，即使这些异议出于有原则的立场。
How do you get around that?
你怎么解决这个问题呢?
Not being seen as a team player and not being seen as promotable to management?
不被视为团队合作者，也不被视为晋升到管理层的人选?
Right. The notion that you’re going to be rejected and socially persecuted is really highly probable.
对。你很有可能会被拒绝以及受到社会迫害。
The real question to be asking yourself if you’re thinking about disagreeing with the direction or the ideas that a group is taking that you’re a part of is, “Do I care about the contribution of what this group can accomplish more so than I care about my momentary psychological welfare?”
如果你对所在团队所采取的方向或想法持不同意见，真正要问自己的问题是：“比起暂时的心理健康，我是否更关心这个团队所能做出的贡献？”
Because what we tend to find is in the intermediate aftermath of saying something, people are reluctant to be around that person and there is some rejection and negative evaluation.
因为我们往往会发现，说了不同意见之后的不大不小的后果是，人们不愿意和那个人在一起，会有一些拒绝和负面评价。
But in the longer term, you find people will thank you and appreciate that you said what they’ve been wanting to say for years and then slowly… I call it the sleeper effect.
但从长远来看，你会发现人们会感谢你，感激你说出了他们多年来一直想说的话，然后慢慢地，我称之为睡眠者效应。
Is that you find that you have more allies than you think because most people’s preferences are not publicly represented and they only express them in private to their close friends and family.
你会发现盟友比你想象的要多，因为大多数人的偏好都不会公开表达，他们只会私下向他们密友和家人表达。
