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Contrary to the claims so often made for them, the researchers found consistent evidence that consuming a lot of sweeteners was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (as well as higher risk of heart disease).
与通常的说法相反，研究人员发现了一致的证据，证明摄入大量甜味剂与患2型糖尿病的风险增加有关(也与患心脏病的风险增加有关)。
Similarly, when it came to weight, they found that people who consumed a lot of sweeteners were more likely to gain weight over the long term (though the report also noted that short-term studies, lasting three months or less, showed that switching from sugary drinks to artificially sweetened ones resulted in modest weight loss of 0.71kg).
同样，当谈到体重时，他们发现，长期摄入大量甜味剂的人更有可能长胖(尽管该报告也指出，短期(为期三个月或更短时间)研究表明，从含糖饮料换成人工甜味剂饮料可以使体重适度减轻0.71公斤)。
Even with dental health, the researchers found that the supposed benefits of sweeteners were not conclusive.
即使在口腔健康方面，研究人员也发现，甜味剂的所谓好处并非不容置疑。
A couple of studies suggested that daily use of a sweetener called stevia could reduce a child’s risk of getting tooth decay,
一些研究表明，每天使用一种名为甜菊糖的甜味剂可以降低儿童蛀牙的风险，
but in another study, children who consumed more than 250ml of artificially sweetened drinks a day were even more likely to suffer from toothache than those who drank sugary soft drinks or energy drinks, even after adjusting for levels of tooth brushing and economic privilege.
但在另一项研究中，每天饮用250多毫升人造糖饮料的儿童甚至比饮用含糖软饮料或含糖能量饮料的儿童更有可能牙疼，即使是在调整刷牙水平与经济特权水平后也是如此。
In a startling turnaround, the WHO’s draft guidance stated that non-sugar sweeteners should “not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing risk of non-communicable diseases” such as diabetes or heart disease.
世界卫生组织的指南草案出现了一个惊人的反转，这份草案指出，无糖甜味剂不应“用作控制体重或降低非传染性疾病(如糖尿病或心脏病)风险的手段”。
Suddenly, the whole rationale for sweeteners as a “healthy” alternative looked much shakier.
突然之间，甜味剂作为一种“健康”替代品的理由整个看起来站不住脚。
(It remains to be seen how much the final WHO guidance on sweeteners will differ from the draft version.
(世卫组织关于甜味剂的指南终版将与指南草案有多大差异还有待观察。
There was a public consultation to offer feedback over the summer, after which the guidelines will be peer-reviewed by an external expert panel. The finalised guidelines will appear in April 2023.)
今年夏天进行了一次公众咨询以提供反馈，之后，该指南将由外部专家小组进行同行评议。指南终版将于2023年4月公布。)
The Calorie Control Council – a trade group whose members include Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, as well as sweetener giant Cargill – said it was “disappointed” by the WHO draft guidance.
卡路里控制委员会——一个由可口可乐、百事可乐以及甜味剂巨头嘉吉公司组成的贸易组织——表示对世界卫生组织的指南草案感到“失望”。
It went on to say that sweeteners “have been proven to assist in body weight and blood glucose level management”.
该委员会还表示，甜味剂“已被证明有助于控制体重与血糖水平”。
But it is those claims – and not just those ones – that are now being questioned.
但现在正是这些说法--也不仅限于这些说法--在遭受质疑。
