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Recording One
录音一
In America, most researchers concede that boys and girls are brought up in different ways, taught different skills and rewarded for different acts.
在美国，大多数研究人员承认，男孩和女孩的成长方式不同，学习的技能不同，并因不同的行为而获得奖励。
Women, it is agreed, excel at certain tasks, men at others.
人们都认为，女性擅长某些任务，而男性擅长其它某些任务。
There's little argument that some personality traits appear more dominant in one sex than in the other.
毫无疑问，某些性格特征在一种性别中比在另一种性别更明显。
All of this notwithstanding, gender differences are very much in the media these days.
尽管如此，性别差异在如今的媒体中仍然是常见话题。
Since the rise of the women's movement, gender role behavior has come under closer scrutiny.
自妇女运动兴起以来，性别角色行为受到了更密切的关注。
How has this affected friendship?
这对友谊有何影响？
How do the sexes differ in their friendship relations?
两性在友谊关系上有什么不同？
Most preteen children have a best friend who is usually someone of the same sex and similar age.
大多数学龄前儿童都有一个最好的朋友，通常是同性别、同年龄的人。
Both sexes share an essentially positive recollection of these childhood friendships.
两个性别的儿童对童年友谊的回忆基本上都是积极的。
They do not differ in this respect.
他们在这方面没有不同之处。
However, the type of play engaged in during these early friendships is telling of the difference to come.
然而，他们与幼时的朋友进行的游戏揭示了他们未来可能的不同之处。
Boys tend to form play groups that are competitive in nature.
男孩倾向于本质上具有竞争性的游戏。
Girls' groups more frequently revolve around cooperative enterprises.
女孩更多地围绕合作展开游戏。
Thus at an early age, boys become concerned with trying hard and winning, while girls, by contrast, playhouse and school, engaging in roles that require complementary support.
因此，在很小的时候，男孩就开始专注于努力和取胜，而女孩则相反，在游乐场和学校扮演着需要相互支持的角色。
Speaking of their childhood, men recall being highly responsive to and aware of the gender-role opinions of other boys.
谈到自己的童年，男性回忆说，他们对其他男孩的性别角色观点非常敏感，并且能够意识到这一点。
Girls in preteen years appear to be less susceptible to gender-role pressure.
学龄前的女孩似乎不太会受到性别角色压力的影响。
It is not until the dating years that women report being concerned with feminine behavior.
直到开始约会，女性才开始关注女性行为。
Males, for the most part, are responsive to the suggestion that their behavior is unmanly at almost any age.
而在大多数情况下，无论多大年纪，男性都会对其他人暗示他们没有男子气概的行为做出反应。
These early attitudes reinforced by social conditioning continue to play an active part in the friendships of both sexes during adolescence.
这些早期的态度被社会环境所强化，在青春期男女生的友谊中继续发挥着积极的作用。
This is a period when the majority of males once again report a closer alliance with same-sex friends.
这个时期，大多数男性表示与同性朋友的关系更为紧密。
Now, however, with heightened intensity, considerable energy is devoted to competing for position and a definite undercurrent of competition permeates the relationship.
然而，随着压力的加大，他们已经把相当多的精力投入到争夺职位的竞争中，一股明确的竞争暗流渗透到了相互关系中。
Although in dissimilar fashion, females share equally fragile relationships at this age.
尽管表现方式不同，但女性在这个年龄段的关系同样脆弱。
For them, the bond of loyalty extends only to the line of romantic involvement.
对她们来说，忠诚的纽带仅限于爱情。
This is most apt to be the case in late adolescence when dating and relationships with boys take sharper precedence over sisterhood.
在青春期后期，最容易出现的情况是，对于女孩子们来说，与男孩的关系比与姐妹的关系更为重要。
Actually dating dilutes the intensity of same-sex friendships for men also.
浪漫的约会也降低了男孩间同性友谊的强度。
For the majority of us, the moment we begin to date seriously, there's a competition between romance and friendship.
对于我们大多数人来说，一旦我们开始认真对待约会，爱情和友谊就处在了竞争关系。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
请根据你听到的录音回答问题16至问题18。
Q16:What does the speaker say about most preteen children?
问题16：演讲者对大多数学龄前儿童有什么看法？
Q17:What do most males devote much of their energy to during adolescence?
问题17：大多数男性在青春期会把大部分精力放在什么方面？
Q18:What do children do when they reach late adolescence?
问题18：孩子们到了青春期后期会做些什么？
